Changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders
Abstract: Many theories and communication models developed from terrestrial studies focus on a simple dyadic exchange between a sender and receiver. During social interactions, the “frequency code” hypothesis suggests that frequency characteristics of vocal signals can simultaneously encode for stat...
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ftunivqespace:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:385145 2023-05-15T16:36:03+02:00 Changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders Dunlop, Rebecca A. 2016-06-01 https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:385145 eng eng Springer doi:10.1007/s00265-016-2108-0 issn:0340-5443 issn:1432-0762 orcid:0000-0002-0427-6317 Frequency coding Signal design Social group Source level Vocal communication 1103 Animal Science and Zoology 1105 Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Journal Article 2016 ftunivqespace https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-016-2108-0 2020-11-17T02:05:26Z Abstract: Many theories and communication models developed from terrestrial studies focus on a simple dyadic exchange between a sender and receiver. During social interactions, the “frequency code” hypothesis suggests that frequency characteristics of vocal signals can simultaneously encode for static signaler attributes (size or sex) and dynamic information, such as motivation or emotional state. However, the additional presence of a bystander may result in a change of signaling behavior if the costs and benefits associated with the presence of this bystander are different from that of a simple dyad. In this study, two common humpback whale social calls (“wops” and “grumbles”) were tested for differences related to group social behavior and the presence of bystanders. “Wop” parameters were stable with group social behavior, but were emitted at lower (14 dB) levels in the presence of a nearby singing whale compared to when a singing whale was not in the area. “Grumbles” were emitted at lower (30–39 Hz) fundamental frequencies in affiliative compared to non-affiliative groups and, in the presence of a nearby singing whale, were also emitted at lower (14 dB) levels. Vocal rates did not significantly change. The results suggest that, in humpbacks, the frequency in certain sound types relates to the social behavior of the vocalizing group, implying a frequency code system. The presence of a nearby audible bystander (a singing whale) had no effect on this frequency code, but by reducing their acoustic level, the signal-to-noise ratio at the singer would have been below 0, making it difficult for the singer to audibly detect the group. Significance statement: The frequency, duration, and amplitude parameters of humpback whale social vocalizations were tested between different social contexts: group social behavior (affiliating versus non-affiliating), the presence of a nearby singing whale, and the presence of a nearby non-singing group. “Grumbles” (commonly heard low-frequency unmodulated sounds) frequencies were lower in affiliating groups compared to non-affiliating groups, suggesting a change in group motivation (such as levels of aggression). “Wop” (another common sound type) structure (frequency and duration) was similar in affiliating and non-affiliating groups. In the presence of an audible bystander (a singing whale), both sound types were emitted at similar rates, but much lower amplitudes (14 dB), vastly reducing the detectability of these sounds by the singer. This suggests that these groups were acoustically avoiding the singing whale. They did not, however, acoustically respond to the presence of a nearby non-singing group. Article in Journal/Newspaper Humpback Whale The University of Queensland: UQ eSpace Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 70 6 857 870 |
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Open Polar |
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The University of Queensland: UQ eSpace |
op_collection_id |
ftunivqespace |
language |
English |
topic |
Frequency coding Signal design Social group Source level Vocal communication 1103 Animal Science and Zoology 1105 Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Frequency coding Signal design Social group Source level Vocal communication 1103 Animal Science and Zoology 1105 Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Dunlop, Rebecca A. Changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders |
topic_facet |
Frequency coding Signal design Social group Source level Vocal communication 1103 Animal Science and Zoology 1105 Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Abstract: Many theories and communication models developed from terrestrial studies focus on a simple dyadic exchange between a sender and receiver. During social interactions, the “frequency code” hypothesis suggests that frequency characteristics of vocal signals can simultaneously encode for static signaler attributes (size or sex) and dynamic information, such as motivation or emotional state. However, the additional presence of a bystander may result in a change of signaling behavior if the costs and benefits associated with the presence of this bystander are different from that of a simple dyad. In this study, two common humpback whale social calls (“wops” and “grumbles”) were tested for differences related to group social behavior and the presence of bystanders. “Wop” parameters were stable with group social behavior, but were emitted at lower (14 dB) levels in the presence of a nearby singing whale compared to when a singing whale was not in the area. “Grumbles” were emitted at lower (30–39 Hz) fundamental frequencies in affiliative compared to non-affiliative groups and, in the presence of a nearby singing whale, were also emitted at lower (14 dB) levels. Vocal rates did not significantly change. The results suggest that, in humpbacks, the frequency in certain sound types relates to the social behavior of the vocalizing group, implying a frequency code system. The presence of a nearby audible bystander (a singing whale) had no effect on this frequency code, but by reducing their acoustic level, the signal-to-noise ratio at the singer would have been below 0, making it difficult for the singer to audibly detect the group. Significance statement: The frequency, duration, and amplitude parameters of humpback whale social vocalizations were tested between different social contexts: group social behavior (affiliating versus non-affiliating), the presence of a nearby singing whale, and the presence of a nearby non-singing group. “Grumbles” (commonly heard low-frequency unmodulated sounds) frequencies were lower in affiliating groups compared to non-affiliating groups, suggesting a change in group motivation (such as levels of aggression). “Wop” (another common sound type) structure (frequency and duration) was similar in affiliating and non-affiliating groups. In the presence of an audible bystander (a singing whale), both sound types were emitted at similar rates, but much lower amplitudes (14 dB), vastly reducing the detectability of these sounds by the singer. This suggests that these groups were acoustically avoiding the singing whale. They did not, however, acoustically respond to the presence of a nearby non-singing group. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dunlop, Rebecca A. |
author_facet |
Dunlop, Rebecca A. |
author_sort |
Dunlop, Rebecca A. |
title |
Changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders |
title_short |
Changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders |
title_full |
Changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders |
title_fullStr |
Changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders |
title_full_unstemmed |
Changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders |
title_sort |
changes in vocal parameters with social context in humpback whales: considering the effect of bystanders |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:385145 |
genre |
Humpback Whale |
genre_facet |
Humpback Whale |
op_relation |
doi:10.1007/s00265-016-2108-0 issn:0340-5443 issn:1432-0762 orcid:0000-0002-0427-6317 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-016-2108-0 |
container_title |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
container_volume |
70 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
857 |
op_container_end_page |
870 |
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1766026361947815936 |