Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island
Variation in the distribution and abundance of food resources are key factors affecting animal sociality. In environments with variable resources, dynamic social organization, such as the fission and fusion of groups, is thought to increase the benefits of group living, while reducing the costs. We...
Published in: | Animal Behaviour |
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Online Access: | https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/85955 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007 |
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ftunivpretoria:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/85955 2023-05-15T14:05:19+02:00 Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island Jordaan, Rowan Keith Reisinger, Ryan Rudolf Oosthuizen, Wessel Christiaan De Bruyn, P.J. Nico 2021-07 https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/85955 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007 en eng Elsevier https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/85955 Jordaan, R.K., Reisinger, R.R., Oosthuizen, W.C. et al. 2021, 'Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island', Animal Behaviour, vol. 177, pp. 223-230, doi : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007. 0003-3472 (print) 1095-8282 (online) doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007 © 2021 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Animal Behaviour. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. A definitive version was subsequently published in Animal Behaviour, vol. 177, pp. 223-230, 2021, doi : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007. Association Delphinid Network Prey abundance Seasonality Sociality Marion Island Killer whale (Orcinus orc) Postprint Article 2021 ftunivpretoria https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007 2022-06-28T00:16:03Z Variation in the distribution and abundance of food resources are key factors affecting animal sociality. In environments with variable resources, dynamic social organization, such as the fission and fusion of groups, is thought to increase the benefits of group living, while reducing the costs. We investigated the relationship between social organization and prey abundance in a highly social predator, the killer whale. This was achieved by analysing 12 years (2006–2018) of seasonally delineated (coinciding with high and low prey abundances) association data obtained from nearly 90 000 identification photographs of killer whales in-shore at Marion Island in the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean. Association network measures were compared between periods using randomized association matrices. Half-weight association index, degree, number of modules and group size were all greater during periods of high prey abundance while mean distance, centrality and modularity were lower during this same period. Results suggest that killer whales at Marion Island were more social, formed larger groups and had more associations during periods of high prey abundance. During periods of lower prey abundance, fewer interactions, stronger clustering and more division in the association network were observed. These results indicate that the social organization of this population of killer whales is seasonally dynamic, with increased sociality measures coinciding with periods of higher prey abundance. These results are similar to those of other social species, emphasizing the importance of resource abundance as a driver of social structure in animal societies. The South African Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) provided funding through the National Research Foundation's SANAP and Thuthuka programmes. Additional funding through the International Whaling Commission Southern Ocean Research Partnership, the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund and a FILAMO Mobility grant. http://www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav hj2022 ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Killer Whale Marion Island Orca Orcinus orca Southern Ocean Killer whale University of Pretoria: UPSpace Antarctic Indian Southern Ocean Animal Behaviour 177 223 230 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Pretoria: UPSpace |
op_collection_id |
ftunivpretoria |
language |
English |
topic |
Association Delphinid Network Prey abundance Seasonality Sociality Marion Island Killer whale (Orcinus orc) |
spellingShingle |
Association Delphinid Network Prey abundance Seasonality Sociality Marion Island Killer whale (Orcinus orc) Jordaan, Rowan Keith Reisinger, Ryan Rudolf Oosthuizen, Wessel Christiaan De Bruyn, P.J. Nico Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island |
topic_facet |
Association Delphinid Network Prey abundance Seasonality Sociality Marion Island Killer whale (Orcinus orc) |
description |
Variation in the distribution and abundance of food resources are key factors affecting animal sociality. In environments with variable resources, dynamic social organization, such as the fission and fusion of groups, is thought to increase the benefits of group living, while reducing the costs. We investigated the relationship between social organization and prey abundance in a highly social predator, the killer whale. This was achieved by analysing 12 years (2006–2018) of seasonally delineated (coinciding with high and low prey abundances) association data obtained from nearly 90 000 identification photographs of killer whales in-shore at Marion Island in the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean. Association network measures were compared between periods using randomized association matrices. Half-weight association index, degree, number of modules and group size were all greater during periods of high prey abundance while mean distance, centrality and modularity were lower during this same period. Results suggest that killer whales at Marion Island were more social, formed larger groups and had more associations during periods of high prey abundance. During periods of lower prey abundance, fewer interactions, stronger clustering and more division in the association network were observed. These results indicate that the social organization of this population of killer whales is seasonally dynamic, with increased sociality measures coinciding with periods of higher prey abundance. These results are similar to those of other social species, emphasizing the importance of resource abundance as a driver of social structure in animal societies. The South African Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) provided funding through the National Research Foundation's SANAP and Thuthuka programmes. Additional funding through the International Whaling Commission Southern Ocean Research Partnership, the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund and a FILAMO Mobility grant. http://www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav hj2022 ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jordaan, Rowan Keith Reisinger, Ryan Rudolf Oosthuizen, Wessel Christiaan De Bruyn, P.J. Nico |
author_facet |
Jordaan, Rowan Keith Reisinger, Ryan Rudolf Oosthuizen, Wessel Christiaan De Bruyn, P.J. Nico |
author_sort |
Jordaan, Rowan Keith |
title |
Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island |
title_short |
Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island |
title_full |
Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island |
title_fullStr |
Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island |
title_sort |
seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, orcinus orca, social structure at sub-antarctic marion island |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/85955 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007 |
geographic |
Antarctic Indian Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Indian Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Killer Whale Marion Island Orca Orcinus orca Southern Ocean Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Killer Whale Marion Island Orca Orcinus orca Southern Ocean Killer whale |
op_relation |
https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/85955 Jordaan, R.K., Reisinger, R.R., Oosthuizen, W.C. et al. 2021, 'Seasonal fission and fusion of killer whale, Orcinus orca, social structure at sub-Antarctic Marion Island', Animal Behaviour, vol. 177, pp. 223-230, doi : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007. 0003-3472 (print) 1095-8282 (online) doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007 |
op_rights |
© 2021 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Animal Behaviour. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. A definitive version was subsequently published in Animal Behaviour, vol. 177, pp. 223-230, 2021, doi : 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.007 |
container_title |
Animal Behaviour |
container_volume |
177 |
container_start_page |
223 |
op_container_end_page |
230 |
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1766277129743368192 |