Marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean : birds and marine mammals in a changing climate
The massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) and marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds) – referred to here as top predators – is one of the most iconic components of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. They play an important role as highly mobile consumers, structuring and connect...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78446 https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/full |
id |
ftunivpretoria:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/78446 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivpretoria:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/78446 2023-05-15T14:05:19+02:00 Marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean : birds and marine mammals in a changing climate Bestley, Sophie Ropert-Coudert, Yan Nash, Susan Bengtson Brooks, Cassandra M. Cotte, Cedric Dewar, Meagan Friedlaender, Ari S. Jackson, Jennifer A. Labrousse, Sara Lowther, Andrew D. McMahon, Clive Reginald Phillips, Richard A. Pistorius, Pierre Anton Puskic, Peter S. Reis, Ana Olivia de A. Reisinger, Ryan Rudolf Santos, Mercedes Tarszisz, Esther Tixier, Paul Trathan, Philip N. Wege, Mia Wienecke, Barbara 2020-11 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78446 https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/full en eng Frontiers Media http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78446 2296-701X (online) doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/full © 2020 Bestley, Ropert-Coudert, Bengtson Nash, Brooks, Cotté, Dewar, Friedlaender, Jackson, Labrousse, Lowther, McMahon, Phillips, Pistorius, Puskic, Reis, Reisinger, Santos, Tarszisz, Tixier, Trathan, Wege and Wienecke. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). CC-BY Marine ecosystem assessment Marine predators Climate change Fisheries interactions Conservation management Antarctic Article 2020 ftunivpretoria https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/full 2022-11-08T01:19:23Z The massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) and marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds) – referred to here as top predators – is one of the most iconic components of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. They play an important role as highly mobile consumers, structuring and connecting pelagic marine food webs and are widely studied relative to other taxa. Many birds and mammals establish dense breeding colonies or use haul-out sites, making them relatively easy to study. Cetaceans, however, spend their lives at sea and thus aspects of their life cycle are more complicated to monitor and study. Nevertheless, they all feed at sea and their reproductive success depends on the food availability in the marine environment, hence they are considered useful indicators of the state of the marine resources. In general, top predators have large body sizes that allow for instrumentation with miniature datarecording or transmitting devices to monitor their activities at sea. Development of scientific techniques to study reproduction and foraging of top predators has led to substantial scientific literature on their population trends, key biological parameters, migratory patterns, foraging and feeding ecology, and linkages with atmospheric or oceanographic dynamics, for a number of species and regions. We briefly summarize the vast literature on Southern Ocean top predators, focusing on the most recent syntheses. We also provide an overview on the key current and emerging pressures faced by these animals as a result of both natural and human causes. We recognize the overarching impact that environmental changes driven by climate change have on the ecology of these species. We also evaluate direct and indirect interactions between marine predators and other factors such as disease, pollution, land disturbance and the increasing pressure from global fisheries in the Southern Ocean. Where possible we consider the data availability for assessing the status and trends for each of these components, their capacity ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean University of Pretoria: UPSpace Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Pretoria: UPSpace |
op_collection_id |
ftunivpretoria |
language |
English |
topic |
Marine ecosystem assessment Marine predators Climate change Fisheries interactions Conservation management Antarctic |
spellingShingle |
Marine ecosystem assessment Marine predators Climate change Fisheries interactions Conservation management Antarctic Bestley, Sophie Ropert-Coudert, Yan Nash, Susan Bengtson Brooks, Cassandra M. Cotte, Cedric Dewar, Meagan Friedlaender, Ari S. Jackson, Jennifer A. Labrousse, Sara Lowther, Andrew D. McMahon, Clive Reginald Phillips, Richard A. Pistorius, Pierre Anton Puskic, Peter S. Reis, Ana Olivia de A. Reisinger, Ryan Rudolf Santos, Mercedes Tarszisz, Esther Tixier, Paul Trathan, Philip N. Wege, Mia Wienecke, Barbara Marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean : birds and marine mammals in a changing climate |
topic_facet |
Marine ecosystem assessment Marine predators Climate change Fisheries interactions Conservation management Antarctic |
description |
The massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) and marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds) – referred to here as top predators – is one of the most iconic components of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. They play an important role as highly mobile consumers, structuring and connecting pelagic marine food webs and are widely studied relative to other taxa. Many birds and mammals establish dense breeding colonies or use haul-out sites, making them relatively easy to study. Cetaceans, however, spend their lives at sea and thus aspects of their life cycle are more complicated to monitor and study. Nevertheless, they all feed at sea and their reproductive success depends on the food availability in the marine environment, hence they are considered useful indicators of the state of the marine resources. In general, top predators have large body sizes that allow for instrumentation with miniature datarecording or transmitting devices to monitor their activities at sea. Development of scientific techniques to study reproduction and foraging of top predators has led to substantial scientific literature on their population trends, key biological parameters, migratory patterns, foraging and feeding ecology, and linkages with atmospheric or oceanographic dynamics, for a number of species and regions. We briefly summarize the vast literature on Southern Ocean top predators, focusing on the most recent syntheses. We also provide an overview on the key current and emerging pressures faced by these animals as a result of both natural and human causes. We recognize the overarching impact that environmental changes driven by climate change have on the ecology of these species. We also evaluate direct and indirect interactions between marine predators and other factors such as disease, pollution, land disturbance and the increasing pressure from global fisheries in the Southern Ocean. Where possible we consider the data availability for assessing the status and trends for each of these components, their capacity ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bestley, Sophie Ropert-Coudert, Yan Nash, Susan Bengtson Brooks, Cassandra M. Cotte, Cedric Dewar, Meagan Friedlaender, Ari S. Jackson, Jennifer A. Labrousse, Sara Lowther, Andrew D. McMahon, Clive Reginald Phillips, Richard A. Pistorius, Pierre Anton Puskic, Peter S. Reis, Ana Olivia de A. Reisinger, Ryan Rudolf Santos, Mercedes Tarszisz, Esther Tixier, Paul Trathan, Philip N. Wege, Mia Wienecke, Barbara |
author_facet |
Bestley, Sophie Ropert-Coudert, Yan Nash, Susan Bengtson Brooks, Cassandra M. Cotte, Cedric Dewar, Meagan Friedlaender, Ari S. Jackson, Jennifer A. Labrousse, Sara Lowther, Andrew D. McMahon, Clive Reginald Phillips, Richard A. Pistorius, Pierre Anton Puskic, Peter S. Reis, Ana Olivia de A. Reisinger, Ryan Rudolf Santos, Mercedes Tarszisz, Esther Tixier, Paul Trathan, Philip N. Wege, Mia Wienecke, Barbara |
author_sort |
Bestley, Sophie |
title |
Marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean : birds and marine mammals in a changing climate |
title_short |
Marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean : birds and marine mammals in a changing climate |
title_full |
Marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean : birds and marine mammals in a changing climate |
title_fullStr |
Marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean : birds and marine mammals in a changing climate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean : birds and marine mammals in a changing climate |
title_sort |
marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean : birds and marine mammals in a changing climate |
publisher |
Frontiers Media |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78446 https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/full |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78446 2296-701X (online) doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/full |
op_rights |
© 2020 Bestley, Ropert-Coudert, Bengtson Nash, Brooks, Cotté, Dewar, Friedlaender, Jackson, Labrousse, Lowther, McMahon, Phillips, Pistorius, Puskic, Reis, Reisinger, Santos, Tarszisz, Tixier, Trathan, Wege and Wienecke. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/full |
_version_ |
1766277132243173376 |