What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Obtaining longitudinal endocrinological data from free-ranging animals remains challenging. Steroid hormones can be extracted sequentially from non-invasively sampled biologically inert keratinous tissues, such as feathers, nails, hair and whiskers. However, uncertainty regarding the type and levels...
Published in: | Journal of Chromatography B |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/74511 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122028 |
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ftunivpretoria:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/74511 2023-05-15T14:02:18+02:00 What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Lubcker, Nico Bloem, Liezl M. Du Toit, Therina Swart, Pieter De Bruyn, P.J. Nico Swart, Amanda C. Millar, Robert P. 2020-05-07T13:43:16Z http://hdl.handle.net/2263/74511 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122028 en eng Elsevier http://hdl.handle.net/2263/74511 Lubcker, N., Bloem, L.M., Du Toit, T. et al. 2020, 'What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry', Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 1141, art. 122028, pp. 1-10. 1570-0232 (print) 1873-376X (online) doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122028 © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Chromatography B. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 1141, art. 122028, pp. 1-10, 2020. doi : 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122028. Androgens Progestogens Glucocorticoids Metabolites Keratin and feathers Marine mammal endocrinology Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) Vibrissae Whiskers UPC2-MS/MS Postprint Article 2020 ftunivpretoria https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122028 2022-05-31T13:20:36Z Obtaining longitudinal endocrinological data from free-ranging animals remains challenging. Steroid hormones can be extracted sequentially from non-invasively sampled biologically inert keratinous tissues, such as feathers, nails, hair and whiskers. However, uncertainty regarding the type and levels of steroids incorporated into such tissues complicates their utility in wildlife studies. Here, we developed a novel, comprehensive method to analyze fourteen C19 and fourteen C21 steroids deposited chronologically along the length of seal whiskers in a single, 6-minute chromatographic step, using ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.01 to 2 ng/mL and from 0.1 to 10 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits for steroids at concentrations ≥2 ng/mL. The recovery (mean = 107.5% at 200 ng/mL), matrix effect and process efficiency of steroids evaluated, using blanked whisker matrix samples, were acceptable. The method was applied to the analysis of steroid hormone levels in adult female whisker segments obtained from southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), n = 10, and two fur seal species, Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella; n = 5) and subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis; n = 5), sampled between 2012 and 2017. In the whisker subsamples analyzed (n = 71), the median concentration of steroid hormones detected above the LOQ ranged from 2.0 to 273.7 pg/mg. This was the first extraction of multiple C19 and C21 steroids, including their C11-oxy metabolites, from the whiskers of mammals. Measuring hormones sequentially along the whisker lengths can contribute to our understanding of the impact of stress associated with environmental/climate changes that affect the health, survival of organisms, as well as to delineate the reproductive cycles of free-living mammals with cryptic life stages. http://www.elsevier.com/locate/chromb 2021-03-15 hj2020 Immunology Mammal ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Fur Seals Arctocephalus gazella Elephant Seals Mirounga leonina Southern Elephant Seals University of Pretoria: UPSpace Antarctic Journal of Chromatography B 1141 122028 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Pretoria: UPSpace |
op_collection_id |
ftunivpretoria |
language |
English |
topic |
Androgens Progestogens Glucocorticoids Metabolites Keratin and feathers Marine mammal endocrinology Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) Vibrissae Whiskers UPC2-MS/MS |
spellingShingle |
Androgens Progestogens Glucocorticoids Metabolites Keratin and feathers Marine mammal endocrinology Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) Vibrissae Whiskers UPC2-MS/MS Lubcker, Nico Bloem, Liezl M. Du Toit, Therina Swart, Pieter De Bruyn, P.J. Nico Swart, Amanda C. Millar, Robert P. What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
topic_facet |
Androgens Progestogens Glucocorticoids Metabolites Keratin and feathers Marine mammal endocrinology Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) Vibrissae Whiskers UPC2-MS/MS |
description |
Obtaining longitudinal endocrinological data from free-ranging animals remains challenging. Steroid hormones can be extracted sequentially from non-invasively sampled biologically inert keratinous tissues, such as feathers, nails, hair and whiskers. However, uncertainty regarding the type and levels of steroids incorporated into such tissues complicates their utility in wildlife studies. Here, we developed a novel, comprehensive method to analyze fourteen C19 and fourteen C21 steroids deposited chronologically along the length of seal whiskers in a single, 6-minute chromatographic step, using ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.01 to 2 ng/mL and from 0.1 to 10 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy and precision were within acceptable limits for steroids at concentrations ≥2 ng/mL. The recovery (mean = 107.5% at 200 ng/mL), matrix effect and process efficiency of steroids evaluated, using blanked whisker matrix samples, were acceptable. The method was applied to the analysis of steroid hormone levels in adult female whisker segments obtained from southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), n = 10, and two fur seal species, Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella; n = 5) and subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis; n = 5), sampled between 2012 and 2017. In the whisker subsamples analyzed (n = 71), the median concentration of steroid hormones detected above the LOQ ranged from 2.0 to 273.7 pg/mg. This was the first extraction of multiple C19 and C21 steroids, including their C11-oxy metabolites, from the whiskers of mammals. Measuring hormones sequentially along the whisker lengths can contribute to our understanding of the impact of stress associated with environmental/climate changes that affect the health, survival of organisms, as well as to delineate the reproductive cycles of free-living mammals with cryptic life stages. http://www.elsevier.com/locate/chromb 2021-03-15 hj2020 Immunology Mammal ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lubcker, Nico Bloem, Liezl M. Du Toit, Therina Swart, Pieter De Bruyn, P.J. Nico Swart, Amanda C. Millar, Robert P. |
author_facet |
Lubcker, Nico Bloem, Liezl M. Du Toit, Therina Swart, Pieter De Bruyn, P.J. Nico Swart, Amanda C. Millar, Robert P. |
author_sort |
Lubcker, Nico |
title |
What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
title_short |
What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
title_full |
What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
title_fullStr |
What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
title_full_unstemmed |
What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
title_sort |
what’s in a whisker? high-throughput analysis of twenty-eight c19 and c21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/74511 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122028 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Fur Seals Arctocephalus gazella Elephant Seals Mirounga leonina Southern Elephant Seals |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Fur Seals Arctocephalus gazella Elephant Seals Mirounga leonina Southern Elephant Seals |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/74511 Lubcker, N., Bloem, L.M., Du Toit, T. et al. 2020, 'What’s in a whisker? High-throughput analysis of twenty-eight C19 and C21 steroids in mammalian whiskers by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry', Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 1141, art. 122028, pp. 1-10. 1570-0232 (print) 1873-376X (online) doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122028 |
op_rights |
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Chromatography B. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 1141, art. 122028, pp. 1-10, 2020. doi : 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122028. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122028 |
container_title |
Journal of Chromatography B |
container_volume |
1141 |
container_start_page |
122028 |
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1766272525332905984 |