Evolution of vipers and the role of key innovations in their diversification
The family Viperidae consists of 36 genera, containing more than 350 species in total. The family is distributed throughout Africa and most of Eurasia, however the greatest diversity is located in North and South America, where more than 40 % of the viper species can be found. The family is thus mis...
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Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovědecká fakulta
2022
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ftunivpraha:oai:https://dspace.cuni.cz:20.500.11956/173156 2024-01-21T10:04:16+01:00 Evolution of vipers and the role of key innovations in their diversification Evoluce zmijovitých hadů a role klíčových inovací v jejich diverzifikaci Waldhauser, Vojtěch Šmíd, Jiří Gvoždík, Václav 2022 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/173156 English en_US eng Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovědecká fakulta http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/173156 234984 Viperidae hadi diverzifikační dynamika klíčové inovace fylogeneze evoluční radiace,biogeografie snakes diversification dynamics key innovations phylogeny evolutionaryradiation biogeography bakalářská práce 2022 ftunivpraha https://doi.org/20.500.11956/173156 2023-12-26T00:29:30Z The family Viperidae consists of 36 genera, containing more than 350 species in total. The family is distributed throughout Africa and most of Eurasia, however the greatest diversity is located in North and South America, where more than 40 % of the viper species can be found. The family is thus missing only in Australia, New Guinea, Madagascar, New Zealand and a number of other islands and archipelagos. As with most reptiles, they are also almost completely absent from polar regions, with the exception of Vipera berus, the only snake that has ventured north of the Arctic Circle. Their relative evolutionary success is attributed to many so called "key innovations", which include solenoglyphous dentition, viviparity of many genera or heat- sensing pits in the subfamily Crotalinae. Vipers are not only interesting because of their evolutionary history, but they are also subject of important medical studies regarding their venom and toxicity. WHO estimates that around 100,000 people worldwide may die from snake bites each year. This thesis presents a summary of our current knowledge of the evolutionary history of this family, including phylogeny and biogeography, and contemplates the mechanisms behind its amazing diversity. Čeleď zmijovitých se skládá z 36 rodů, které společně obsahují přes 350 druhů. Vyskytuje napříč Afrikou a většinou Eurasie, největší druhovou diverzitu ovšem najdeme v Severní a Jižní Americe, kde se vyskytuje přes 40 % všech druhů zmijí. Tato čeleď tedy chybí pouze v Austrálii, na Nové Guineji, Novém Zélandu, Madagaskaru a několika dalších ostrovech a souostrovích. Pochopitelně je také zpravidla nenalezneme ani v polárních oblastech. Výjimkou je zmije obecná (Vipera berus), která se jako jediný had vydala i za polární kruh. Relativní evoluční úspěch zmijí se přisuzuje množství "klíčových inovací", mezi které se řadí třeba solenoglyfní dentice, živorodost, přítomná v mnoha liniích, či termorecepční orgány u zástupců podčeledi Crotalinae. Zmijovití ovšem nejsou zajímaví jen pro svou evoluční ... Bachelor Thesis Arctic Charles University CU Digital repository Arctic New Zealand |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Charles University CU Digital repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivpraha |
language |
English |
topic |
Viperidae hadi diverzifikační dynamika klíčové inovace fylogeneze evoluční radiace,biogeografie snakes diversification dynamics key innovations phylogeny evolutionaryradiation biogeography |
spellingShingle |
Viperidae hadi diverzifikační dynamika klíčové inovace fylogeneze evoluční radiace,biogeografie snakes diversification dynamics key innovations phylogeny evolutionaryradiation biogeography Waldhauser, Vojtěch Evolution of vipers and the role of key innovations in their diversification |
topic_facet |
Viperidae hadi diverzifikační dynamika klíčové inovace fylogeneze evoluční radiace,biogeografie snakes diversification dynamics key innovations phylogeny evolutionaryradiation biogeography |
description |
The family Viperidae consists of 36 genera, containing more than 350 species in total. The family is distributed throughout Africa and most of Eurasia, however the greatest diversity is located in North and South America, where more than 40 % of the viper species can be found. The family is thus missing only in Australia, New Guinea, Madagascar, New Zealand and a number of other islands and archipelagos. As with most reptiles, they are also almost completely absent from polar regions, with the exception of Vipera berus, the only snake that has ventured north of the Arctic Circle. Their relative evolutionary success is attributed to many so called "key innovations", which include solenoglyphous dentition, viviparity of many genera or heat- sensing pits in the subfamily Crotalinae. Vipers are not only interesting because of their evolutionary history, but they are also subject of important medical studies regarding their venom and toxicity. WHO estimates that around 100,000 people worldwide may die from snake bites each year. This thesis presents a summary of our current knowledge of the evolutionary history of this family, including phylogeny and biogeography, and contemplates the mechanisms behind its amazing diversity. Čeleď zmijovitých se skládá z 36 rodů, které společně obsahují přes 350 druhů. Vyskytuje napříč Afrikou a většinou Eurasie, největší druhovou diverzitu ovšem najdeme v Severní a Jižní Americe, kde se vyskytuje přes 40 % všech druhů zmijí. Tato čeleď tedy chybí pouze v Austrálii, na Nové Guineji, Novém Zélandu, Madagaskaru a několika dalších ostrovech a souostrovích. Pochopitelně je také zpravidla nenalezneme ani v polárních oblastech. Výjimkou je zmije obecná (Vipera berus), která se jako jediný had vydala i za polární kruh. Relativní evoluční úspěch zmijí se přisuzuje množství "klíčových inovací", mezi které se řadí třeba solenoglyfní dentice, živorodost, přítomná v mnoha liniích, či termorecepční orgány u zástupců podčeledi Crotalinae. Zmijovití ovšem nejsou zajímaví jen pro svou evoluční ... |
author2 |
Šmíd, Jiří Gvoždík, Václav |
format |
Bachelor Thesis |
author |
Waldhauser, Vojtěch |
author_facet |
Waldhauser, Vojtěch |
author_sort |
Waldhauser, Vojtěch |
title |
Evolution of vipers and the role of key innovations in their diversification |
title_short |
Evolution of vipers and the role of key innovations in their diversification |
title_full |
Evolution of vipers and the role of key innovations in their diversification |
title_fullStr |
Evolution of vipers and the role of key innovations in their diversification |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evolution of vipers and the role of key innovations in their diversification |
title_sort |
evolution of vipers and the role of key innovations in their diversification |
publisher |
Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovědecká fakulta |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/173156 |
geographic |
Arctic New Zealand |
geographic_facet |
Arctic New Zealand |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/173156 234984 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11956/173156 |
_version_ |
1788694673231970304 |