Seeking harmony in coastal development for small islands: Exploring multifunctional artificial reefs for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores
The Azores is a remote archipelago rich in biodiversity, geodiversity and cultural heritage located in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. It comprises nine volcanic Small Islands (SIs) scattered over 600 km and are vulnerable to coastal hazards due to limited land availability and ocean exposur...
Published in: | Applied Geography |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10216/92224 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.013 |
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ftunivporto:oai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/92224 2023-06-18T03:42:05+02:00 Seeking harmony in coastal development for small islands: Exploring multifunctional artificial reefs for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores K. Ng M. R. Phillips H. Calado P. Borges F. Veloso Gomes Faculdade de Engenharia 2013 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10216/92224 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.013 eng eng 0143-6228 https://hdl.handle.net/10216/92224 doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.013 P-008-D5B info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Geografia económica e social Social and economic geography Ciências sociais::Geografia económica e social Social sciences::Social and economic geography info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2013 ftunivporto https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.013 2023-06-06T21:08:25Z The Azores is a remote archipelago rich in biodiversity, geodiversity and cultural heritage located in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. It comprises nine volcanic Small Islands (SIs) scattered over 600 km and are vulnerable to coastal hazards due to limited land availability and ocean exposure. To mitigate and adapt to hazards and human occupation, traditional hard-engineering structures have been used. However, these structures have negative impacts on natural coastal character and amenity value and with growing environmental awareness, soft-engineering solutions designed to work with natural processes, such as multifunctional artificial reefs (MFARs), are globally becoming more appealing. MFARs are offshore submerged structures which provide coastal protection while enhancing marine and recreational amenities such as surfing, diving and beach widening. This paper determines "optimal" MFAR multifunctional design criteria based on current progress and assessment of nine international MFARs installed to-date. It subsequently explores MFAR feasibility in Sao Miguel Island, the biggest and most populated Azorean Island with the largest surfing population. An assessment of surf breaks was undertaken, including coastal processes and retreat rates, and MFAR site selection, criteria and rationale are discussed. By considering site-specific parameters such as local bathymetry, wave climate, tides, coastal processes and marine environment alongside tourism potential and surf culture, Sao Roque reef was selected as a potential MFAR to provide both coastal protection and surfing amenity. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto Applied Geography 44 99 111 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto |
op_collection_id |
ftunivporto |
language |
English |
topic |
Geografia económica e social Social and economic geography Ciências sociais::Geografia económica e social Social sciences::Social and economic geography |
spellingShingle |
Geografia económica e social Social and economic geography Ciências sociais::Geografia económica e social Social sciences::Social and economic geography K. Ng M. R. Phillips H. Calado P. Borges F. Veloso Gomes Seeking harmony in coastal development for small islands: Exploring multifunctional artificial reefs for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores |
topic_facet |
Geografia económica e social Social and economic geography Ciências sociais::Geografia económica e social Social sciences::Social and economic geography |
description |
The Azores is a remote archipelago rich in biodiversity, geodiversity and cultural heritage located in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. It comprises nine volcanic Small Islands (SIs) scattered over 600 km and are vulnerable to coastal hazards due to limited land availability and ocean exposure. To mitigate and adapt to hazards and human occupation, traditional hard-engineering structures have been used. However, these structures have negative impacts on natural coastal character and amenity value and with growing environmental awareness, soft-engineering solutions designed to work with natural processes, such as multifunctional artificial reefs (MFARs), are globally becoming more appealing. MFARs are offshore submerged structures which provide coastal protection while enhancing marine and recreational amenities such as surfing, diving and beach widening. This paper determines "optimal" MFAR multifunctional design criteria based on current progress and assessment of nine international MFARs installed to-date. It subsequently explores MFAR feasibility in Sao Miguel Island, the biggest and most populated Azorean Island with the largest surfing population. An assessment of surf breaks was undertaken, including coastal processes and retreat rates, and MFAR site selection, criteria and rationale are discussed. By considering site-specific parameters such as local bathymetry, wave climate, tides, coastal processes and marine environment alongside tourism potential and surf culture, Sao Roque reef was selected as a potential MFAR to provide both coastal protection and surfing amenity. |
author2 |
Faculdade de Engenharia |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
K. Ng M. R. Phillips H. Calado P. Borges F. Veloso Gomes |
author_facet |
K. Ng M. R. Phillips H. Calado P. Borges F. Veloso Gomes |
author_sort |
K. Ng |
title |
Seeking harmony in coastal development for small islands: Exploring multifunctional artificial reefs for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores |
title_short |
Seeking harmony in coastal development for small islands: Exploring multifunctional artificial reefs for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores |
title_full |
Seeking harmony in coastal development for small islands: Exploring multifunctional artificial reefs for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores |
title_fullStr |
Seeking harmony in coastal development for small islands: Exploring multifunctional artificial reefs for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seeking harmony in coastal development for small islands: Exploring multifunctional artificial reefs for Sao Miguel Island, the Azores |
title_sort |
seeking harmony in coastal development for small islands: exploring multifunctional artificial reefs for sao miguel island, the azores |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10216/92224 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.013 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
0143-6228 https://hdl.handle.net/10216/92224 doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.013 P-008-D5B |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.013 |
container_title |
Applied Geography |
container_volume |
44 |
container_start_page |
99 |
op_container_end_page |
111 |
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1769007874332164096 |