The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin with bacterial origin. To date, around 28 analogs of TTX are known, but only 12 were detected in marine organisms, namely TTX, 11-oxoTTX, 11-deoxyTTX, 11-norTTX-6(R)-ol, 11-norTTX-6(S)-ol, 4-epiTTX, 4,9-anhydroTTX, 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, 4-CysTTX, 5-deox...
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ftunivporto:oai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/129841 2023-06-18T03:42:08+02:00 The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea Tamele, I Silva, M Vasconcelos, V Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental 2019 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129841 eng eng MDPI Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(1), 28 https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129841 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Indian Ocean Red Sea tetrodotoxin pufferfish poisoning info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2019 ftunivporto 2023-06-06T21:19:28Z Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin with bacterial origin. To date, around 28 analogs of TTX are known, but only 12 were detected in marine organisms, namely TTX, 11-oxoTTX, 11-deoxyTTX, 11-norTTX-6(R)-ol, 11-norTTX-6(S)-ol, 4-epiTTX, 4,9-anhydroTTX, 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, 4-CysTTX, 5-deoxyTTX, 5,11-dideoxyTTX, and 6,11-dideoxyTTX. TTX and its derivatives are involved in many cases of seafood poisoning in many parts of the world due to their occurrence in different marine species of human consumption such as fish, gastropods, and bivalves. Currently, this neurotoxin group is not monitored in many parts of the world including in the Indian Ocean area, even with reported outbreaks of seafood poisoning involving puffer fish, which is one of the principal TTX vectors know since Egyptian times. Thus, the main objective of this review was to assess the incidence of TTXs in seafood and associated seafood poisonings in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Most reported data in this geographical area are associated with seafood poisoning caused by different species of puffer fish through the recognition of TTX poisoning symptoms and not by TTX detection techniques. This scenario shows the need of data regarding TTX prevalence, geographical distribution, and its vectors in this area to better assess human health risk and build effective monitoring programs to protect the health of consumers in Indian Ocean area. This research was partially supported by the framework of the Atlantic Interreg project ALERTOXNET—Network for introduction of Innovative Toxicity Alert Systems for safer seafood products—EAPA_317/2016. Acknowledgement to project H2020 RISE project EMERTOX—Emergent Marine Toxins in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean: New Approaches to Assess their Occurrence and Future Scenarios in the Framework of Global Environmental Changes—Grant Agreement No. 778069. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto Indian |
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Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto |
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ftunivporto |
language |
English |
topic |
Indian Ocean Red Sea tetrodotoxin pufferfish poisoning |
spellingShingle |
Indian Ocean Red Sea tetrodotoxin pufferfish poisoning Tamele, I Silva, M Vasconcelos, V The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea |
topic_facet |
Indian Ocean Red Sea tetrodotoxin pufferfish poisoning |
description |
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin with bacterial origin. To date, around 28 analogs of TTX are known, but only 12 were detected in marine organisms, namely TTX, 11-oxoTTX, 11-deoxyTTX, 11-norTTX-6(R)-ol, 11-norTTX-6(S)-ol, 4-epiTTX, 4,9-anhydroTTX, 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, 4-CysTTX, 5-deoxyTTX, 5,11-dideoxyTTX, and 6,11-dideoxyTTX. TTX and its derivatives are involved in many cases of seafood poisoning in many parts of the world due to their occurrence in different marine species of human consumption such as fish, gastropods, and bivalves. Currently, this neurotoxin group is not monitored in many parts of the world including in the Indian Ocean area, even with reported outbreaks of seafood poisoning involving puffer fish, which is one of the principal TTX vectors know since Egyptian times. Thus, the main objective of this review was to assess the incidence of TTXs in seafood and associated seafood poisonings in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Most reported data in this geographical area are associated with seafood poisoning caused by different species of puffer fish through the recognition of TTX poisoning symptoms and not by TTX detection techniques. This scenario shows the need of data regarding TTX prevalence, geographical distribution, and its vectors in this area to better assess human health risk and build effective monitoring programs to protect the health of consumers in Indian Ocean area. This research was partially supported by the framework of the Atlantic Interreg project ALERTOXNET—Network for introduction of Innovative Toxicity Alert Systems for safer seafood products—EAPA_317/2016. Acknowledgement to project H2020 RISE project EMERTOX—Emergent Marine Toxins in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean: New Approaches to Assess their Occurrence and Future Scenarios in the Framework of Global Environmental Changes—Grant Agreement No. 778069. |
author2 |
Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Tamele, I Silva, M Vasconcelos, V |
author_facet |
Tamele, I Silva, M Vasconcelos, V |
author_sort |
Tamele, I |
title |
The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea |
title_short |
The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea |
title_full |
The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea |
title_fullStr |
The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Incidence of Tetrodotoxin and Its Analogs in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea |
title_sort |
incidence of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in the indian ocean and the red sea |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129841 |
geographic |
Indian |
geographic_facet |
Indian |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(1), 28 https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129841 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
_version_ |
1769007954132992000 |