| Summary: | The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) contains a set of genes that codifies for certain glycoproteins that present antigenic proteins to clonotypic T cell receptor in order to start the immune response. In humans, MHC is named HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen). The HLA system is organized into three gene regions on chromosome 6 and encodes for important immune-function proteins. Class I and Class II classical loci contain a high number of alleles; some of them are quasispecific or highly frequent in certain populations and thus useful for population genetic studies. Also, some HLA alleles are associated to diseases and drugs side effects, and donor/recipient HLA compatibility is usually required in transplantation. In this study, a HLA genetic comparison of Mayo/Yoreme ethnic group (Sinaloa State, North-West Coast of Mexico) has been carried out with other populations from all over the world in order to establish its origin, obtain a virtual transplantation list and for future epidemiology studies. Sixty unrelated individuals were selected in the city of Capomos (Sinaloa) and, after signing a written consent, peripheral blood was drawn to carry out the study. From here, the DNA of the samples was extrated and sequencing using the PCR-SSOP-Luminex method was carried out to obtain the HLA genetic profile of each individual. The data obtained from the sequencing were processed with Arlequin to obtain HLA alleles and haplotypes frequencies and population genetic relatedness. Genetic distances of Mayo/Yoreme ethnic group with other populations in the world were calculated to generate a dendrogram and carry out a correspondence analysis with GNKDST, TREEVIEW and VISTA software. Mayo relatedness with other Amerindian, Eskimo/Aleutian, Na-Dene and Caucasoid ethnic groups was obtained. It was found that the Mayo are closely related to other Amerindian ethnic groups, i.e.: Mayas, Kogi or Teenek, taking in consideration the presence of some alleles, like HLA-B*40, which is shared with other America First Inhabitants. ...
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