Exposure to an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment can Modulate Perceptual Correlates of Endogenous Analgesia and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers
Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to produce analgesic effects during different experimental and clinical pain states. Despite this, the top-down mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we examined the influence of both a real and sham (ie, the same images in 2D) immersive arctic VR...
Published in: | The Journal of Pain |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Elsevier BV
2021
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/18551 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.007 |
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ftunivplympearl:oai:pearl.plymouth.ac.uk:10026.1/18551 2024-06-09T07:44:18+00:00 Exposure to an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment can Modulate Perceptual Correlates of Endogenous Analgesia and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers Mehesz, E Karoui, H Strutton, PH Hughes, SW 2021-06 707-714 Print-Electronic application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/18551 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.007 en eng Elsevier BV United States ISSN:1526-5900 ISSN:1528-8447 E-ISSN:1528-8447 1526-5900 1528-8447 http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/18551 doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.007 2022-1-16 Not known Endogenous analgesia virtual reality secondary hyperalgesia central sensitization journal-article Article 2021 ftunivplympearl https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.007 2024-05-14T23:46:24Z Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to produce analgesic effects during different experimental and clinical pain states. Despite this, the top-down mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we examined the influence of both a real and sham (ie, the same images in 2D) immersive arctic VR environment on conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and in a human surrogate model of central sensitization in 38 healthy volunteers. CPM and acute heat pain thresholds were assessed before and during VR/sham exposure in the absence of any sensitization. In a follow-on study, we used the cutaneous high frequency stimulation model of central sensitization and measured changes in mechanical pain sensitivity in an area of heterotopic sensitization before and during VR/sham exposure. There was an increase in CPM efficiency during the VR condition compared to baseline (P < .01). In the sham condition, there was a decrease in CPM efficiency compared to baseline (P < .01) and the real VR condition (P < .001). Neither real nor sham VR had any effect on pain ratings reported during the conditioning period or on heat pain threshold. There was also an attenuation of mechanical pain sensitivity during the VR condition indicating a lower sensitivity compared to sham (P < .05). We conclude that exposure to an immersive VR environment has no effect over acute pain thresholds but can modulate dynamic CPM responses and mechanical hypersensitivity in healthy volunteers. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic PEARL (Plymouth Electronic Archiv & ResearchLibrary, Plymouth University) Arctic The Journal of Pain 22 6 707 714 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PEARL (Plymouth Electronic Archiv & ResearchLibrary, Plymouth University) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivplympearl |
language |
English |
topic |
Endogenous analgesia virtual reality secondary hyperalgesia central sensitization |
spellingShingle |
Endogenous analgesia virtual reality secondary hyperalgesia central sensitization Mehesz, E Karoui, H Strutton, PH Hughes, SW Exposure to an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment can Modulate Perceptual Correlates of Endogenous Analgesia and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers |
topic_facet |
Endogenous analgesia virtual reality secondary hyperalgesia central sensitization |
description |
Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to produce analgesic effects during different experimental and clinical pain states. Despite this, the top-down mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we examined the influence of both a real and sham (ie, the same images in 2D) immersive arctic VR environment on conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and in a human surrogate model of central sensitization in 38 healthy volunteers. CPM and acute heat pain thresholds were assessed before and during VR/sham exposure in the absence of any sensitization. In a follow-on study, we used the cutaneous high frequency stimulation model of central sensitization and measured changes in mechanical pain sensitivity in an area of heterotopic sensitization before and during VR/sham exposure. There was an increase in CPM efficiency during the VR condition compared to baseline (P < .01). In the sham condition, there was a decrease in CPM efficiency compared to baseline (P < .01) and the real VR condition (P < .001). Neither real nor sham VR had any effect on pain ratings reported during the conditioning period or on heat pain threshold. There was also an attenuation of mechanical pain sensitivity during the VR condition indicating a lower sensitivity compared to sham (P < .05). We conclude that exposure to an immersive VR environment has no effect over acute pain thresholds but can modulate dynamic CPM responses and mechanical hypersensitivity in healthy volunteers. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mehesz, E Karoui, H Strutton, PH Hughes, SW |
author_facet |
Mehesz, E Karoui, H Strutton, PH Hughes, SW |
author_sort |
Mehesz, E |
title |
Exposure to an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment can Modulate Perceptual Correlates of Endogenous Analgesia and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers |
title_short |
Exposure to an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment can Modulate Perceptual Correlates of Endogenous Analgesia and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers |
title_full |
Exposure to an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment can Modulate Perceptual Correlates of Endogenous Analgesia and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers |
title_fullStr |
Exposure to an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment can Modulate Perceptual Correlates of Endogenous Analgesia and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exposure to an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment can Modulate Perceptual Correlates of Endogenous Analgesia and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers |
title_sort |
exposure to an immersive virtual reality environment can modulate perceptual correlates of endogenous analgesia and central sensitization in healthy volunteers |
publisher |
Elsevier BV |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/18551 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.007 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
ISSN:1526-5900 ISSN:1528-8447 E-ISSN:1528-8447 1526-5900 1528-8447 http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/18551 doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.007 |
op_rights |
2022-1-16 Not known |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.007 |
container_title |
The Journal of Pain |
container_volume |
22 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
707 |
op_container_end_page |
714 |
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1801373064026390528 |