Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis
Ocean acidification threatens to disrupt interactions between organisms throughout marine ecosystems. The diversity of reef-building organisms decreases as seawater CO2 increases along natural gradients, yet soft-bodied animals, such as sea anemones, are often resilient. We sequenced the polyA-enric...
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ftunivplympearl:oai:pearl.plymouth.ac.uk:10026.1/14816 2024-06-09T07:48:45+00:00 Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis Urbarova, I Forêt, S Dahl, M Emblem, Å Milazzo, M Hall-Spencer, JM Johansen, SD 2019-05-08 e0210358-e0210358 Electronic-eCollection application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/14816 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 en eng Public Library of Science United States ISSN:1932-6203 E-ISSN:1932-6203 1932-6203 ARTN e0210358 http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/14816 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 2019-8-31 Not known 37 Earth Sciences 3708 Oceanography 31 Biological Sciences 3103 Ecology 14 Life Below Water journal-article Article 2019 ftunivplympearl https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 2024-05-14T23:46:24Z Ocean acidification threatens to disrupt interactions between organisms throughout marine ecosystems. The diversity of reef-building organisms decreases as seawater CO2 increases along natural gradients, yet soft-bodied animals, such as sea anemones, are often resilient. We sequenced the polyA-enriched transcriptome of adult sea anemone Anemonia viridis and its dinoflagellate symbiont sampled along a natural CO2 gradient in Italy to assess stress levels in these organisms. We found that about 3.1% of the anemone transcripts, but <1% of the Symbiodinium sp. transcripts were differentially expressed. Processes enriched at high seawater CO2 were linked to cellular stress and inflammation, including significant up-regulation of protective cellular functions and down-regulation of metabolic pathways. Transposable elements were differentially expressed at high seawater CO2, with an extreme up-regulation (> 100-fold) of the BEL-family of long terminal repeat retrotransposons. Seawater acidified by CO2 generated a significant stress reaction in A. viridis, but no bleaching was observed and Symbiodinium sp. appeared to be less affected. These observed changes indicate the mechanisms by which A. viridis acclimate to survive chronic exposure to ocean acidification conditions. We conclude that many organisms that are common in acidified conditions may nevertheless incur costs due to hypercapnia and/or lowered carbonate saturation states. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification PEARL (Plymouth Electronic Archiv & ResearchLibrary, Plymouth University) PLOS ONE 14 5 e0210358 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PEARL (Plymouth Electronic Archiv & ResearchLibrary, Plymouth University) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivplympearl |
language |
English |
topic |
37 Earth Sciences 3708 Oceanography 31 Biological Sciences 3103 Ecology 14 Life Below Water |
spellingShingle |
37 Earth Sciences 3708 Oceanography 31 Biological Sciences 3103 Ecology 14 Life Below Water Urbarova, I Forêt, S Dahl, M Emblem, Å Milazzo, M Hall-Spencer, JM Johansen, SD Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
topic_facet |
37 Earth Sciences 3708 Oceanography 31 Biological Sciences 3103 Ecology 14 Life Below Water |
description |
Ocean acidification threatens to disrupt interactions between organisms throughout marine ecosystems. The diversity of reef-building organisms decreases as seawater CO2 increases along natural gradients, yet soft-bodied animals, such as sea anemones, are often resilient. We sequenced the polyA-enriched transcriptome of adult sea anemone Anemonia viridis and its dinoflagellate symbiont sampled along a natural CO2 gradient in Italy to assess stress levels in these organisms. We found that about 3.1% of the anemone transcripts, but <1% of the Symbiodinium sp. transcripts were differentially expressed. Processes enriched at high seawater CO2 were linked to cellular stress and inflammation, including significant up-regulation of protective cellular functions and down-regulation of metabolic pathways. Transposable elements were differentially expressed at high seawater CO2, with an extreme up-regulation (> 100-fold) of the BEL-family of long terminal repeat retrotransposons. Seawater acidified by CO2 generated a significant stress reaction in A. viridis, but no bleaching was observed and Symbiodinium sp. appeared to be less affected. These observed changes indicate the mechanisms by which A. viridis acclimate to survive chronic exposure to ocean acidification conditions. We conclude that many organisms that are common in acidified conditions may nevertheless incur costs due to hypercapnia and/or lowered carbonate saturation states. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Urbarova, I Forêt, S Dahl, M Emblem, Å Milazzo, M Hall-Spencer, JM Johansen, SD |
author_facet |
Urbarova, I Forêt, S Dahl, M Emblem, Å Milazzo, M Hall-Spencer, JM Johansen, SD |
author_sort |
Urbarova, I |
title |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_short |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_full |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_fullStr |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean acidification at a coastal CO2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis |
title_sort |
ocean acidification at a coastal co2 vent induces expression of stress-related transcripts and transposable elements in the sea anemone anemonia viridis |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/14816 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
ISSN:1932-6203 E-ISSN:1932-6203 1932-6203 ARTN e0210358 http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/14816 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 |
op_rights |
2019-8-31 Not known |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210358 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
e0210358 |
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1801380628084555776 |