| Summary: | This study looks at whether and how the implementation criteria of the precautionary measures are applied at international, regional and national levels.Attention will be paid to two different precautionary perspectives, i.e. the European Union perspective and the United States (counter) perspective. In order to bring a better understanding, the paper uses the Arctic Ocean as a case study. Yet, it analyzes the current gaps in international law in light of the new conditions or specificities of the Arctic Ocean, while pretending to implement precautionary measures both by the European Union –which is enhancing its presence in the Arctic– and by the United States, which is an Arctic coastal State.
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