Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems
Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season's start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the curr...
Published in: | Arctic Science |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING
2022
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11381/2979854 https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 |
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ftunivparmairis:oai:air.unipr.it:11381/2979854 2024-09-15T18:30:06+00:00 Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems Rixen, C Hoye, TT Macek, P Aerts, R Alatalo, JM Anderson, JT Arnold, PA Barrio, IC Bjerke, JW Björkman, MP Blok, D Blume-Werry, G Boike, J Bokhorst, S Carbognani, M Christiansen, CT Convey, P Cooper, EJ Cornelissen, JHC Coulson, SJ Dorrepaal, E Elberling, B Elmendorf, SC Elphinstone, C Forte, TGW Frei, ER Geange, SR Gehrmann, F Gibson, C Grogan, P Halbritter, AH Harte, J Henry, GHR Inouye, DW Irwin, RE Jespersen, G Jónsdóttir, IS Jung, JY Klinges, DH Kudo, G Lämsä, J Lee, H Lembrechts, JJ Lett, S Lynn, JS Mann, HMR Mastepanov, M Morse, J Myers-Smith, IH Olofsson, J Paavola, R Petraglia, A Phoenix, GK Semenchuk, P Siewert, MB Slatyer, R Spasojevic, MJ Suding, K Sullivan, P Thompson, KL Väisänen, M Vandvik, V Venn, S Walz, J Way, R Welker, JM Wipf, S Zong, SW Rixen, C Hoye, Tt Macek, P Aerts, R Alatalo, Jm Anderson, Jt Arnold, Pa Barrio, Ic Bjerke, Jw Björkman, Mp Blok, D Blume-Werry, G Boike, J Bokhorst, S Carbognani, M Christiansen, Ct Convey, P Cooper, Ej Cornelissen, Jhc Coulson, Sj Dorrepaal, E Elberling, B Elmendorf, Sc Elphinstone, C Forte, Tgw Frei, Er Geange, Sr Gehrmann, F Gibson, C Grogan, P Halbritter, Ah Harte, J Henry, Ghr Inouye, Dw Irwin, Re Jespersen, G Jónsdóttir, I Jung, Jy Klinges, Dh Kudo, G Lämsä, J Lee, H Lembrechts, Jj Lett, S Lynn, J Mann, Hmr Mastepanov, M Morse, J Myers-Smith, Ih Olofsson, J 2022 https://hdl.handle.net/11381/2979854 https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 eng eng CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000799931200001 volume:8 issue:3 firstpage:572 lastpage:608 numberofpages:37 journal:ARCTIC SCIENCE https://hdl.handle.net/11381/2979854 doi:10.1139/as-2020-0058 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85134495304 review tundra ground temperature snow experiment ITEX info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2022 ftunivparmairis https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 2024-07-15T23:37:32Z Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season's start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover's role for vegetation, plant- animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance and 5.5 days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56 days) or among years (mean range 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates. Article in Journal/Newspaper permafrost Tundra Archivio della ricerca dell'Università di Parma (CINECA IRIS) Arctic Science 8 3 572 608 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Archivio della ricerca dell'Università di Parma (CINECA IRIS) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivparmairis |
language |
English |
topic |
review tundra ground temperature snow experiment ITEX |
spellingShingle |
review tundra ground temperature snow experiment ITEX Rixen, C Hoye, TT Macek, P Aerts, R Alatalo, JM Anderson, JT Arnold, PA Barrio, IC Bjerke, JW Björkman, MP Blok, D Blume-Werry, G Boike, J Bokhorst, S Carbognani, M Christiansen, CT Convey, P Cooper, EJ Cornelissen, JHC Coulson, SJ Dorrepaal, E Elberling, B Elmendorf, SC Elphinstone, C Forte, TGW Frei, ER Geange, SR Gehrmann, F Gibson, C Grogan, P Halbritter, AH Harte, J Henry, GHR Inouye, DW Irwin, RE Jespersen, G Jónsdóttir, IS Jung, JY Klinges, DH Kudo, G Lämsä, J Lee, H Lembrechts, JJ Lett, S Lynn, JS Mann, HMR Mastepanov, M Morse, J Myers-Smith, IH Olofsson, J Paavola, R Petraglia, A Phoenix, GK Semenchuk, P Siewert, MB Slatyer, R Spasojevic, MJ Suding, K Sullivan, P Thompson, KL Väisänen, M Vandvik, V Venn, S Walz, J Way, R Welker, JM Wipf, S Zong, SW Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
topic_facet |
review tundra ground temperature snow experiment ITEX |
description |
Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season's start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover's role for vegetation, plant- animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance and 5.5 days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56 days) or among years (mean range 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates. |
author2 |
Rixen, C Hoye, Tt Macek, P Aerts, R Alatalo, Jm Anderson, Jt Arnold, Pa Barrio, Ic Bjerke, Jw Björkman, Mp Blok, D Blume-Werry, G Boike, J Bokhorst, S Carbognani, M Christiansen, Ct Convey, P Cooper, Ej Cornelissen, Jhc Coulson, Sj Dorrepaal, E Elberling, B Elmendorf, Sc Elphinstone, C Forte, Tgw Frei, Er Geange, Sr Gehrmann, F Gibson, C Grogan, P Halbritter, Ah Harte, J Henry, Ghr Inouye, Dw Irwin, Re Jespersen, G Jónsdóttir, I Jung, Jy Klinges, Dh Kudo, G Lämsä, J Lee, H Lembrechts, Jj Lett, S Lynn, J Mann, Hmr Mastepanov, M Morse, J Myers-Smith, Ih Olofsson, J |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rixen, C Hoye, TT Macek, P Aerts, R Alatalo, JM Anderson, JT Arnold, PA Barrio, IC Bjerke, JW Björkman, MP Blok, D Blume-Werry, G Boike, J Bokhorst, S Carbognani, M Christiansen, CT Convey, P Cooper, EJ Cornelissen, JHC Coulson, SJ Dorrepaal, E Elberling, B Elmendorf, SC Elphinstone, C Forte, TGW Frei, ER Geange, SR Gehrmann, F Gibson, C Grogan, P Halbritter, AH Harte, J Henry, GHR Inouye, DW Irwin, RE Jespersen, G Jónsdóttir, IS Jung, JY Klinges, DH Kudo, G Lämsä, J Lee, H Lembrechts, JJ Lett, S Lynn, JS Mann, HMR Mastepanov, M Morse, J Myers-Smith, IH Olofsson, J Paavola, R Petraglia, A Phoenix, GK Semenchuk, P Siewert, MB Slatyer, R Spasojevic, MJ Suding, K Sullivan, P Thompson, KL Väisänen, M Vandvik, V Venn, S Walz, J Way, R Welker, JM Wipf, S Zong, SW |
author_facet |
Rixen, C Hoye, TT Macek, P Aerts, R Alatalo, JM Anderson, JT Arnold, PA Barrio, IC Bjerke, JW Björkman, MP Blok, D Blume-Werry, G Boike, J Bokhorst, S Carbognani, M Christiansen, CT Convey, P Cooper, EJ Cornelissen, JHC Coulson, SJ Dorrepaal, E Elberling, B Elmendorf, SC Elphinstone, C Forte, TGW Frei, ER Geange, SR Gehrmann, F Gibson, C Grogan, P Halbritter, AH Harte, J Henry, GHR Inouye, DW Irwin, RE Jespersen, G Jónsdóttir, IS Jung, JY Klinges, DH Kudo, G Lämsä, J Lee, H Lembrechts, JJ Lett, S Lynn, JS Mann, HMR Mastepanov, M Morse, J Myers-Smith, IH Olofsson, J Paavola, R Petraglia, A Phoenix, GK Semenchuk, P Siewert, MB Slatyer, R Spasojevic, MJ Suding, K Sullivan, P Thompson, KL Väisänen, M Vandvik, V Venn, S Walz, J Way, R Welker, JM Wipf, S Zong, SW |
author_sort |
Rixen, C |
title |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_short |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_full |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_fullStr |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_sort |
winters are changing: snow effects on arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
publisher |
CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11381/2979854 https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 |
genre |
permafrost Tundra |
genre_facet |
permafrost Tundra |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000799931200001 volume:8 issue:3 firstpage:572 lastpage:608 numberofpages:37 journal:ARCTIC SCIENCE https://hdl.handle.net/11381/2979854 doi:10.1139/as-2020-0058 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85134495304 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 |
container_title |
Arctic Science |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
572 |
op_container_end_page |
608 |
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1810471574684303360 |