Ozone loss driven by nitrogen oxides and triggered by stratospheric warmings can outweigh the effect of halogens

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research
• Main Authors: Konopka, Paul, Engel, Andreas, Funke, Bernd, Müller, Rolf, Grooss, Jens-Uwe, Günther, Gebhard, Wetter, Thomas, Stiller, Gabriele, von Clarmann, Thomas, Glatthor, Norbert, Oelhaf, Hermann, Wetzel, Gerald, López-Puertas, Manuel, Pirre, Michel, Huret, Nathalie, Riese, Martin
• Other Authors: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid (CSIC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales Paris (CNES)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2007
• Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]; [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]; Antarctic; Arctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02878944; https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02878944/document; https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02878944/file/2006JD007064.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007064

International audience Ozone loss in the lower and middle stratosphere in spring and summer, in particular over polar regions, is driven mainly by halogens and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Whereas the stratospheric chlorine levels are expected to decrease in the future, the role of NOx for the O3 budget in a changing climate is not well quantified. Here we combine satellite measurements and model simulations to diagnose the accumulated O3 loss during winter and spring 2002–2003 in the Arctic polar stratosphere. We show that in a winter stratosphere strongly disturbed by warmings, O3 loss processes driven by halogens and NOx can significantly overlap within the polar column and become comparable in magnitude even if a significant, halogen‐induced O3 loss has occurred. Whereas, until the beginning of March 2003, polar column O3 loss was mainly caused by the halogen chemistry within the vortex at an altitude around 18 km, the chemical O3 destruction in March and April was dominated by the NOx chemistry in O3‐rich air masses transported from the subtropics and mixed with the polar air above the region affected by the halogens. This NOx‐related O3 loss started around mid‐December 2002 in subtropical air masses above 30 km that moved poleward after the major warming in January, descended to 22 km with an increasing magnitude of O3 loss and reached surprisingly high values of up to 50% local loss around the end of April. To some extent, the NOx‐driven O3 loss was enhanced by mesospheric air trapped in the vortex at the beginning of the winter as a layer of few km in the vertical and transported downward within the vortex. The effect of NOx transported from the subtropics dominated the O3 loss processes in the polar stratosphere in spring 2003, both relative to the effect of the halogens and relative to the contribution of the mesospheric NOx sources. A comparison with the 1999/2000 Arctic winter and with the Antarctic vortex split event in 2002 shows that wave events triggered by stratospheric warmings may significantly ...