Anthropogenic CO 2 , air–sea CO 2 fluxes, and acidification in the Southern Ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station OISO-KERFIX (51° S–68° E)
International audience Abstract. The temporal variation of the carbonate system, air–sea CO2 fluxes, and pH is analyzed in the southern Indian Ocean, south of the polar front, based on in situ data obtained from 1985 to 2021 at a fixed station (50°40′ S–68°25′ E) and results from a neural network mo...
Published in: | Ocean Science |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2024
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-04615094 https://hal.science/hal-04615094/document https://hal.science/hal-04615094/file/os-20-725-2024.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-725-2024 |
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Université de Paris: Portail HAL |
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English |
topic |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment Metzl, Nicolas Lo Monaco, Claire Leseurre, Coraline Ridame, Céline Reverdin, Gilles Chau, Thi, Tuyet Trang Chevallier, Frédéric Gehlen, Marion Anthropogenic CO 2 , air–sea CO 2 fluxes, and acidification in the Southern Ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station OISO-KERFIX (51° S–68° E) |
topic_facet |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment |
description |
International audience Abstract. The temporal variation of the carbonate system, air–sea CO2 fluxes, and pH is analyzed in the southern Indian Ocean, south of the polar front, based on in situ data obtained from 1985 to 2021 at a fixed station (50°40′ S–68°25′ E) and results from a neural network model that reconstructs the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and fluxes at monthly scale. Anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) is estimated in the water column and is detected down to the bottom (1600 m) in 1985, resulting in an aragonite saturation horizon at 600 m that migrated up to 400 m in 2021 due to the accumulation of Cant. At the subsurface, the trend of Cant is estimated at +0.53±0.01 µmol kg−1 yr−1 with a detectable increase in the trend in recent years. At the surface during austral winter the oceanic fCO2 increased at a rate close to or slightly lower than in the atmosphere. To the contrary, in summer, we observed contrasting fCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) trends depending on the decade and emphasizing the role of biological drivers on air–sea CO2 fluxes and pH inter-annual variability. The regional air–sea CO2 fluxes evolved from an annual source to the atmosphere of 0.8 molC m−2 yr−1 in 1985 to a sink of −0.5 molC m−2 yr−1 in 2020. Over 1985–2020, the annual pH trend in surface waters of -0.0165±0.0040 per decade was mainly controlled by the accumulation of anthropogenic CO2, but the summer pH trends were modulated by natural processes that reduced the acidification rate in the last decade. Using historical data from November 1962, we estimated the long-term trend for fCO2, CT, and pH, confirming that the progressive acidification was driven by the atmospheric CO2 increase. In 59 years this led to a diminution of 11 % for both aragonite and calcite saturation state. As atmospheric CO2 is expected to increase in the future, the pH and carbonate saturation state will decrease at a faster rate than observed in recent years. A projection of future CT concentrations for a high emission scenario (SSP5-8.5) indicates that ... |
author2 |
Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO) Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Metzl, Nicolas Lo Monaco, Claire Leseurre, Coraline Ridame, Céline Reverdin, Gilles Chau, Thi, Tuyet Trang Chevallier, Frédéric Gehlen, Marion |
author_facet |
Metzl, Nicolas Lo Monaco, Claire Leseurre, Coraline Ridame, Céline Reverdin, Gilles Chau, Thi, Tuyet Trang Chevallier, Frédéric Gehlen, Marion |
author_sort |
Metzl, Nicolas |
title |
Anthropogenic CO 2 , air–sea CO 2 fluxes, and acidification in the Southern Ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station OISO-KERFIX (51° S–68° E) |
title_short |
Anthropogenic CO 2 , air–sea CO 2 fluxes, and acidification in the Southern Ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station OISO-KERFIX (51° S–68° E) |
title_full |
Anthropogenic CO 2 , air–sea CO 2 fluxes, and acidification in the Southern Ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station OISO-KERFIX (51° S–68° E) |
title_fullStr |
Anthropogenic CO 2 , air–sea CO 2 fluxes, and acidification in the Southern Ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station OISO-KERFIX (51° S–68° E) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Anthropogenic CO 2 , air–sea CO 2 fluxes, and acidification in the Southern Ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station OISO-KERFIX (51° S–68° E) |
title_sort |
anthropogenic co 2 , air–sea co 2 fluxes, and acidification in the southern ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station oiso-kerfix (51° s–68° e) |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-04615094 https://hal.science/hal-04615094/document https://hal.science/hal-04615094/file/os-20-725-2024.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-725-2024 |
geographic |
Austral Indian Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Austral Indian Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
ISSN: 1812-0784 EISSN: 1812-0792 Ocean Science https://hal.science/hal-04615094 Ocean Science, 2024, 20 (3), pp.725 - 758. ⟨10.5194/os-20-725-2024⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/os-20-725-2024 hal-04615094 https://hal.science/hal-04615094 https://hal.science/hal-04615094/document https://hal.science/hal-04615094/file/os-20-725-2024.pdf doi:10.5194/os-20-725-2024 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-725-2024 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
725 |
op_container_end_page |
758 |
_version_ |
1809944626630492160 |
spelling |
ftunivparis:oai:HAL:hal-04615094v1 2024-09-09T20:10:14+00:00 Anthropogenic CO 2 , air–sea CO 2 fluxes, and acidification in the Southern Ocean: results from a time-series analysis at station OISO-KERFIX (51° S–68° E) Metzl, Nicolas Lo Monaco, Claire Leseurre, Coraline Ridame, Céline Reverdin, Gilles Chau, Thi, Tuyet Trang Chevallier, Frédéric Gehlen, Marion Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO) Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID) 2024-06-11 https://hal.science/hal-04615094 https://hal.science/hal-04615094/document https://hal.science/hal-04615094/file/os-20-725-2024.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-725-2024 en eng HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/os-20-725-2024 hal-04615094 https://hal.science/hal-04615094 https://hal.science/hal-04615094/document https://hal.science/hal-04615094/file/os-20-725-2024.pdf doi:10.5194/os-20-725-2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1812-0784 EISSN: 1812-0792 Ocean Science https://hal.science/hal-04615094 Ocean Science, 2024, 20 (3), pp.725 - 758. ⟨10.5194/os-20-725-2024⟩ [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2024 ftunivparis https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-725-2024 2024-06-20T23:37:16Z International audience Abstract. The temporal variation of the carbonate system, air–sea CO2 fluxes, and pH is analyzed in the southern Indian Ocean, south of the polar front, based on in situ data obtained from 1985 to 2021 at a fixed station (50°40′ S–68°25′ E) and results from a neural network model that reconstructs the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and fluxes at monthly scale. Anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) is estimated in the water column and is detected down to the bottom (1600 m) in 1985, resulting in an aragonite saturation horizon at 600 m that migrated up to 400 m in 2021 due to the accumulation of Cant. At the subsurface, the trend of Cant is estimated at +0.53±0.01 µmol kg−1 yr−1 with a detectable increase in the trend in recent years. At the surface during austral winter the oceanic fCO2 increased at a rate close to or slightly lower than in the atmosphere. To the contrary, in summer, we observed contrasting fCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) trends depending on the decade and emphasizing the role of biological drivers on air–sea CO2 fluxes and pH inter-annual variability. The regional air–sea CO2 fluxes evolved from an annual source to the atmosphere of 0.8 molC m−2 yr−1 in 1985 to a sink of −0.5 molC m−2 yr−1 in 2020. Over 1985–2020, the annual pH trend in surface waters of -0.0165±0.0040 per decade was mainly controlled by the accumulation of anthropogenic CO2, but the summer pH trends were modulated by natural processes that reduced the acidification rate in the last decade. Using historical data from November 1962, we estimated the long-term trend for fCO2, CT, and pH, confirming that the progressive acidification was driven by the atmospheric CO2 increase. In 59 years this led to a diminution of 11 % for both aragonite and calcite saturation state. As atmospheric CO2 is expected to increase in the future, the pH and carbonate saturation state will decrease at a faster rate than observed in recent years. A projection of future CT concentrations for a high emission scenario (SSP5-8.5) indicates that ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Université de Paris: Portail HAL Austral Indian Southern Ocean Ocean Science 20 3 725 758 |