Foraging habitats of top predators, and Areas of Ecological Significance, on the Kerguelen Plateau

• Main Authors: Hindell, Mark A., Lea, Mary-Anne, Bost, Charles-André, Charrassin, Jean-Benoit, Gales, Nick, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Page, Brad, Robertson, Graham, Wienecke, Barbara, O'Toole, Malcolm, Guinet, Christophe
• Other Authors: Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Hobart (IMAS), University of Tasmania Hobart, Australia (UTAS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Marine Mammal Centre (AMMC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy-Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, South Australian Research and Development Institute Australia (SARDI), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Société d'Ichtyologie
• Format: Book Part
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2011
• Subjects: Marine predators; Ecological significance; Foraging; Telemetry; [SDE]Environmental Sciences; Antarctic; Kerguelen; Heard Island; Kerguelen Islands; Antarc*; Antarctic Fur Seals; Elephant Seals; King Penguins; Southern Elephant Seals
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-00624581

ABSTRACT. - Avian and mammalian predators play a key role in the Kerguelen Plateau ecosystem, both with respect to structuring the marine community and its response to anthropogenic influences, such as climate change and commercial fisheries. A powerful way to determine regions of particular ecological importance is to identify Areas of Ecological Significance (AES): regions that are utilized by multiple predator species. Such concentrations of foraging activity are indicative of enhanced primary and/or secondary productivity. These are regions that require specialised management efforts, and which are of considerable importance in the development of ecological models and climate monitoring systems. This study integrates tracking and diving data from a suite of predator species collected as part of both the French and Australian Antarctic programs at Kerguelen Islands and Heard Island respectively. Tracking and/or dive data for Macaroni and King penguins, southern Elephant seals, Antarctic fur seals and Black-browed albatross were analysed. The estimated path for each animal was derived using state-space models, which also allocated each location to either "transit" or "search" behavioural modes. For diving species, dive depth data were temporally allocated along the path, providing information on three-dimensional habitat use. Areas of Ecological Significance for each species and for the combined suite of predators were identified using Kernel Density analysis. The role of bathymetry, ocean circulation and other environmental factors underlying the AES were established using deterministic models, which can be used to predict predator foraging habitats across the entire plateau. RÉSUMÉ. - Habitats d'alimentation et zones d'importance écologique des prédateurs supérieurs au niveau du Plateau de Kerguelen. Les prédateurs que sont les oiseaux et mammifères marins jouent un rôle clef dans l'écosystème du Plateau de Kerguelen, d'une part en structurant la communauté marine et d'autre part dans leur réponse aux ...