De la déglaciation à l’agriculture moderne : histoire environnementale du sud du Groenland
International audience Palaeoenvironmentalists from the Chrono-environment laboratory in Besançon have been working in Greenland since 2006. The Study area is located in southern Greenland, within the Norse Eastern settlement occupied from 986 to 1450 cal. BC. The study aims at characterizing the im...
Published in: | Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | French |
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HAL CCSD
2015
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-02541800 https://hal.science/hal-02541800/document https://hal.science/hal-02541800/file/2015_NDA.pdf https://doi.org/10.4000/nda.3135 |
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Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne: HAL |
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French |
topic |
analyses multi-proxy Vikings Holocène lacs Groenland [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory |
spellingShingle |
analyses multi-proxy Vikings Holocène lacs Groenland [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory Gauthier, Emilie Bichet, Vincent Massa, Charly Guillemot, Typhaine Millet, Laurent Petit, Christophe Richard, Hervé De la déglaciation à l’agriculture moderne : histoire environnementale du sud du Groenland |
topic_facet |
analyses multi-proxy Vikings Holocène lacs Groenland [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory |
description |
International audience Palaeoenvironmentalists from the Chrono-environment laboratory in Besançon have been working in Greenland since 2006. The Study area is located in southern Greenland, within the Norse Eastern settlement occupied from 986 to 1450 cal. BC. The study aims at characterizing the impact of this first colonization on a pristine environment. The lacustrine sequence was studied with the help of different proxies (palynology, Non Pollen Palynomorph, Diatoms, sedimentology, geochemical and isotope analyses) and, in some site, the Norse settlement was integrated in the Holocene context. About 20 sediment cores were collected during 5 fieldtrips from 2006 to 2013. The Holocene sequence from Igaliku, the medieval Garðar, starts at 8000 cal. AD and the record of pollen rain start at about 6100 cal. AD it is one of the best radiocarbon dated sequence of this area. From 6100 to 2500 cal. AD, pollen diagram from Lake Igaliku shows that vegetation is dominated by juniper and willow. Starting in 2500 cal. AD, with the beginning of the neoglacial period, Juniper pollen decreases while dwarf birch and white birch become the dominant tree taxa. Decrease in birch and juniper and the rise in coprophilous fungi are the first evidences of the Norse settlement. The presence of settlers and livestock is clearly recorded: increasing soil erosion frequencies Norse apophytes (sheep sorrel, dandelion, buttercup) and coprophilous fungi. This colonization phase is followed by a period of decreasing human impact at the beginning of the 14th century, with a decrease in coprophilous fungi suggesting a reduced grazing pressure. The regrowth of willow and birch and the disappearance of anthropogenic indicators except sheep sorrel type between the 15th and 18th century demonstrate the abandonment of the settlement, until the development of contemporary agriculture in the 20th century. Impact of modern agriculture on vegetation is comparable to the Norse impact. However, mechanization and fertilization have heavily increased ... |
author2 |
Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC) Lehigh University Bethlehem Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1) Archéologies environnementales Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gauthier, Emilie Bichet, Vincent Massa, Charly Guillemot, Typhaine Millet, Laurent Petit, Christophe Richard, Hervé |
author_facet |
Gauthier, Emilie Bichet, Vincent Massa, Charly Guillemot, Typhaine Millet, Laurent Petit, Christophe Richard, Hervé |
author_sort |
Gauthier, Emilie |
title |
De la déglaciation à l’agriculture moderne : histoire environnementale du sud du Groenland |
title_short |
De la déglaciation à l’agriculture moderne : histoire environnementale du sud du Groenland |
title_full |
De la déglaciation à l’agriculture moderne : histoire environnementale du sud du Groenland |
title_fullStr |
De la déglaciation à l’agriculture moderne : histoire environnementale du sud du Groenland |
title_full_unstemmed |
De la déglaciation à l’agriculture moderne : histoire environnementale du sud du Groenland |
title_sort |
de la déglaciation à l’agriculture moderne : histoire environnementale du sud du groenland |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-02541800 https://hal.science/hal-02541800/document https://hal.science/hal-02541800/file/2015_NDA.pdf https://doi.org/10.4000/nda.3135 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-22.667,-22.667,64.750,64.750) ENVELOPE(-45.421,-45.421,60.988,60.988) |
geographic |
Garðar Greenland Igaliku |
geographic_facet |
Garðar Greenland Igaliku |
genre |
Dwarf birch Greenland Groenland Igaliku |
genre_facet |
Dwarf birch Greenland Groenland Igaliku |
op_source |
ISSN: 0242-7702 EISSN: 2425-1941 Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie https://hal.science/hal-02541800 Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie, 2015, Archéologie boréale, 141, pp.56-62. ⟨10.4000/nda.3135⟩ |
op_relation |
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op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4000/nda.3135 |
container_title |
Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie |
container_issue |
141 |
container_start_page |
56 |
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spelling |
ftunivparis1:oai:HAL:hal-02541800v1 2024-06-23T07:52:25+00:00 De la déglaciation à l’agriculture moderne : histoire environnementale du sud du Groenland Gauthier, Emilie Bichet, Vincent Massa, Charly Guillemot, Typhaine Millet, Laurent Petit, Christophe Richard, Hervé Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC) Lehigh University Bethlehem Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1) Archéologies environnementales Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2015 https://hal.science/hal-02541800 https://hal.science/hal-02541800/document https://hal.science/hal-02541800/file/2015_NDA.pdf https://doi.org/10.4000/nda.3135 fr fre HAL CCSD Maison des Sciences de l'Homme info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4000/nda.3135 hal-02541800 https://hal.science/hal-02541800 https://hal.science/hal-02541800/document https://hal.science/hal-02541800/file/2015_NDA.pdf doi:10.4000/nda.3135 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0242-7702 EISSN: 2425-1941 Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie https://hal.science/hal-02541800 Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie, 2015, Archéologie boréale, 141, pp.56-62. ⟨10.4000/nda.3135⟩ analyses multi-proxy Vikings Holocène lacs Groenland [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2015 ftunivparis1 https://doi.org/10.4000/nda.3135 2024-06-10T23:58:18Z International audience Palaeoenvironmentalists from the Chrono-environment laboratory in Besançon have been working in Greenland since 2006. The Study area is located in southern Greenland, within the Norse Eastern settlement occupied from 986 to 1450 cal. BC. The study aims at characterizing the impact of this first colonization on a pristine environment. The lacustrine sequence was studied with the help of different proxies (palynology, Non Pollen Palynomorph, Diatoms, sedimentology, geochemical and isotope analyses) and, in some site, the Norse settlement was integrated in the Holocene context. About 20 sediment cores were collected during 5 fieldtrips from 2006 to 2013. The Holocene sequence from Igaliku, the medieval Garðar, starts at 8000 cal. AD and the record of pollen rain start at about 6100 cal. AD it is one of the best radiocarbon dated sequence of this area. From 6100 to 2500 cal. AD, pollen diagram from Lake Igaliku shows that vegetation is dominated by juniper and willow. Starting in 2500 cal. AD, with the beginning of the neoglacial period, Juniper pollen decreases while dwarf birch and white birch become the dominant tree taxa. Decrease in birch and juniper and the rise in coprophilous fungi are the first evidences of the Norse settlement. The presence of settlers and livestock is clearly recorded: increasing soil erosion frequencies Norse apophytes (sheep sorrel, dandelion, buttercup) and coprophilous fungi. This colonization phase is followed by a period of decreasing human impact at the beginning of the 14th century, with a decrease in coprophilous fungi suggesting a reduced grazing pressure. The regrowth of willow and birch and the disappearance of anthropogenic indicators except sheep sorrel type between the 15th and 18th century demonstrate the abandonment of the settlement, until the development of contemporary agriculture in the 20th century. Impact of modern agriculture on vegetation is comparable to the Norse impact. However, mechanization and fertilization have heavily increased ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Dwarf birch Greenland Groenland Igaliku Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne: HAL Garðar ENVELOPE(-22.667,-22.667,64.750,64.750) Greenland Igaliku ENVELOPE(-45.421,-45.421,60.988,60.988) Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie 141 56 62 |