Biodiversity and Bioprospecting of Fungal Endophytes from the Antarctic Plant Colobanthus quitensis

• Published in: Journal of Fungi
• Main Authors: Laura Bertini, Michele Perazzolli, Silvia Proietti, Gloria Capaldi, Daniel V. Savatin, Valentina Bigini, Claudia Maria Oliveira Longa, Marina Basaglia, Lorenzo Favaro, Sergio Casella, Benedetta Fongaro, Patrizia Polverino de Laureto, Carla Caruso
• Other Authors: Bertini, Laura, Perazzolli, Michele, Proietti, Silvia, Capaldi, Gloria, Savatin, Daniel V., Bigini, Valentina, Maria Oliveira Longa, Claudia, Basaglia, Marina, Favaro, Lorenzo, Casella, Sergio, Fongaro, Benedetta, POLVERINO DE LAURETO, Patrizia, Caruso, Carla
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI 2022
• Subjects: Antarctic fungi; DNA barcoding; culturomic; extracellular enzyme; bioactive compound; plant–fungus interaction; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3456503; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8090979; https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/9/979/htm

Microorganisms from extreme environments are considered as a new and valuable reservoir of bioactive molecules of biotechnological interest and are also utilized as tools for enhancing tolerance to (a)biotic stresses in crops. In this study, the fungal endophytic community associated with the leaves of the Antarctic angiosperm Colobanthus quitensis was investigated as a new source of bioactive molecules. We isolated 132 fungal strains and taxonomically annotated 26 representative isolates, which mainly belonged to the Basidiomycota division. Selected isolates of Trametes sp., Lenzites sp., Sistotrema sp., and Peniophora sp. displayed broad extracellular enzymatic profiles; fungal extracts from some of them showed dose-dependent antitumor activity and inhibited the formation of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein and its pathological mutant E46K. Selected fungal isolates were also able to promote secondary root development and fresh weight increase in Arabidopsis and tomato and antagonize the growth of pathogenic fungi harmful to crops. This study emphasizes the ecological and biotechnological relevance of fungi from the Antarctic ecosystem and provides clues to the bioprospecting of Antarctic Basidiomycetes fungi for industrial, agricultural, and medical applications.