The Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Servant Leadership Survey: A Comparative Study across Eight Countries

• Published in: Administrative Sciences
• Main Authors: Van Dierendonck, D., Sousa, M., Gunnarsdóttir, S., BOBBIO, ANDREA, Hakanen, J., Pircher Verdorfer, A., Cihan Duyan, E., Rodriguez Carvajal, R.
• Other Authors: Bobbio, Andrea
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG, St. Alban-Anlage 66, 4052 Basel, Switzerland. http://www.mdpi.com 2017
• Subjects: Servant leadership; Cross-cultural; Measurement equivalence; Iceland
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3226185; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci7020008; http://www.mdpi.com/journal/admsci

This paper tests and confirms the cross-cultural equivalence of the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) in eight countries and languages: The Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Spain, Turkey and Finland. A composite sample consisting of 5201 respondents from eight countries that all filled out the SLS was used. A three-step approach was adopted to test configural invariance, measurement equivalence, and structural equivalence. For the full 30-item version of the SLS, configural invariance and partial measurement equivalence were confirmed. Implications of these results for the use of the SLS within cross-cultural studies are discussed.