Survival and cause‑specific mortality in adult females of a northern migratory ungulate

• Main Authors: Pöllänen, A. T. (Antti T.), Pakanen, V. (Veli‑Matti), Paasivaara, A. (Antti)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer Nature 2023
• Subjects: GPS; Known fate models; Predation; Rangifer; Wild forest reindeer; Wolf; Kainuu; Canis lupus; Rangifer tarandus
• Online Access: http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe20230907121526

Abstract Survival of ungulates can vary seasonally due to changing environmental conditions, e.g. weather or predation pressure. The wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus, “WFR”) migrate between calving and wintering grounds. The annual cycle of female WFR includes four main seasons (wint...