Geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic

• Main Authors: Kemppinen, J. (Julia), Niittynen, P. (Pekka), Happonen, K. (Konsta), le Roux, P. C. (Peter C.), Aalto, J. (Juha), Hjort, J. (Jan), Maliniemi, T. (Tuija), Karjalainen, O. (Olli), Rautakoski, H. (Helena), Luoto, M. (Miska)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: John Wiley & Sons 2022
• Subjects: cryoturbation; deflation; fluvial processes; microclimate; plant functional traits; solifluction; tundra; vegetation; Arctic; Greenland; Svalbard; Fennoscandia; Tundra
• Online Access: http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2022102062668

Abstract Aim: Geomorphological processes profoundly affect plant establishment and distributions, but their influence on functional traits is insufficiently understood. Here, we unveil trait–geomorphology relationships in Arctic plant communities. Location: High-Arctic Svalbard, low-Arctic Greenland and sub-Arctic Fennoscandia. Time period: 2011– 2018. Major taxa studied: Vascular plants. Methods: We collected field-quantified data on vegetation, geomorphological processes, microclimate and soil properties from 5,280 plots and 200 species across the three Arctic regions. We combined these data with database trait records to relate local plant community trait composition to dominant geomorphological processes of the Arctic, namely cryoturbation, deflation, fluvial processes and solifluction. We investigated the relationship between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes using hierarchical generalized additive modelling. Results: Our results demonstrate that community-level traits are related to geomorphological processes, with cryoturbation most strongly influencing both structural and leaf economic traits. These results were consistent across regions, suggesting a coherent biome- level trait response to geomorphological processes. Main conclusions: The results indicate that geomorphological processes shape plant community traits in the Arctic. We provide empirical evidence for the existence of generalizable relationships between plant functional traits and geomorphological processes. The results indicate that the relationships are consistent across these three distinct tundra regions and that geomorphological processes should be considered in future investigations of functional traits.