Cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal Alaskan wetland
Abstract Rapid warming in northern ecosystems over the past four decades has resulted in earlier spring, increased precipitation, and altered timing of plant–animal interactions, such as herbivory. Advanced spring phenology can lead to longer growing seasons and increased carbon (C) uptake. Greater...
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ftunivoulu:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2019100731401 2023-07-30T04:01:43+02:00 Cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal Alaskan wetland Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) Beard, K. H. (Karen H.) Kelsey, K. C. (Katharine C.) Choi, R. T. (Ryan T.) Schmutz, J. A. (Joel A.) Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.) 2019 application/pdf http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019100731401 eng eng IOP Publishing info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess © 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Arctic ecosystem cloud cover grazin herbivory migratory gees net ecosystem exchange phenological mismatch info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2019 ftunivoulu 2023-07-08T19:59:50Z Abstract Rapid warming in northern ecosystems over the past four decades has resulted in earlier spring, increased precipitation, and altered timing of plant–animal interactions, such as herbivory. Advanced spring phenology can lead to longer growing seasons and increased carbon (C) uptake. Greater precipitation coincides with greater cloud cover possibly suppressing photosynthesis. Timing of herbivory relative to spring phenology influences plant biomass. None of these changes are mutually exclusive and their interactions could lead to unexpected consequences for Arctic ecosystem function. We examined the influence of advanced spring phenology, cloud cover, and timing of grazing on C exchange in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta of western Alaska for three years. We combined advancement of the growing season using passive-warming open-top chambers (OTC) with controlled timing of goose grazing (early, typical, and late season) and removal of grazing. We also monitored natural variation in incident sunlight to examine the C exchange consequences of these interacting forcings. We monitored net ecosystem exchange of C (NEE) hourly using an autochamber system. Data were used to construct daily light curves for each experimental plot and sunlight data coupled with a clear-sky model was used to quantify daily and seasonal NEE over a range of incident sunlight conditions. Cloudy days resulted in the largest suppression of NEE, reducing C uptake by approximately 2 g C m−2 d−1 regardless of the timing of the season or timing of grazing. Delaying grazing enhanced C uptake by approximately 3 g C m−2 d−1. Advancing spring phenology reduced C uptake by approximately 1.5 g C m−2 d−1, but only when plots were directly warmed by the OTCs; spring advancement did not have a long-term influence on NEE. Consequently, the two strongest drivers of NEE, cloud cover and grazing, can have opposing effects and thus future growing season NEE will depend on the magnitude of change in timing of grazing and incident sunlight. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Kuskokwim Alaska Yukon Jultika - University of Oulu repository Arctic Yukon |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Jultika - University of Oulu repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivoulu |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic ecosystem cloud cover grazin herbivory migratory gees net ecosystem exchange phenological mismatch |
spellingShingle |
Arctic ecosystem cloud cover grazin herbivory migratory gees net ecosystem exchange phenological mismatch Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) Beard, K. H. (Karen H.) Kelsey, K. C. (Katharine C.) Choi, R. T. (Ryan T.) Schmutz, J. A. (Joel A.) Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.) Cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal Alaskan wetland |
topic_facet |
Arctic ecosystem cloud cover grazin herbivory migratory gees net ecosystem exchange phenological mismatch |
description |
Abstract Rapid warming in northern ecosystems over the past four decades has resulted in earlier spring, increased precipitation, and altered timing of plant–animal interactions, such as herbivory. Advanced spring phenology can lead to longer growing seasons and increased carbon (C) uptake. Greater precipitation coincides with greater cloud cover possibly suppressing photosynthesis. Timing of herbivory relative to spring phenology influences plant biomass. None of these changes are mutually exclusive and their interactions could lead to unexpected consequences for Arctic ecosystem function. We examined the influence of advanced spring phenology, cloud cover, and timing of grazing on C exchange in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta of western Alaska for three years. We combined advancement of the growing season using passive-warming open-top chambers (OTC) with controlled timing of goose grazing (early, typical, and late season) and removal of grazing. We also monitored natural variation in incident sunlight to examine the C exchange consequences of these interacting forcings. We monitored net ecosystem exchange of C (NEE) hourly using an autochamber system. Data were used to construct daily light curves for each experimental plot and sunlight data coupled with a clear-sky model was used to quantify daily and seasonal NEE over a range of incident sunlight conditions. Cloudy days resulted in the largest suppression of NEE, reducing C uptake by approximately 2 g C m−2 d−1 regardless of the timing of the season or timing of grazing. Delaying grazing enhanced C uptake by approximately 3 g C m−2 d−1. Advancing spring phenology reduced C uptake by approximately 1.5 g C m−2 d−1, but only when plots were directly warmed by the OTCs; spring advancement did not have a long-term influence on NEE. Consequently, the two strongest drivers of NEE, cloud cover and grazing, can have opposing effects and thus future growing season NEE will depend on the magnitude of change in timing of grazing and incident sunlight. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) Beard, K. H. (Karen H.) Kelsey, K. C. (Katharine C.) Choi, R. T. (Ryan T.) Schmutz, J. A. (Joel A.) Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.) |
author_facet |
Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) Beard, K. H. (Karen H.) Kelsey, K. C. (Katharine C.) Choi, R. T. (Ryan T.) Schmutz, J. A. (Joel A.) Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.) |
author_sort |
Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) |
title |
Cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal Alaskan wetland |
title_short |
Cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal Alaskan wetland |
title_full |
Cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal Alaskan wetland |
title_fullStr |
Cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal Alaskan wetland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal Alaskan wetland |
title_sort |
cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal alaskan wetland |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019100731401 |
geographic |
Arctic Yukon |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Yukon |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Kuskokwim Alaska Yukon |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Kuskokwim Alaska Yukon |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess © 2019 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
_version_ |
1772812487999094784 |