Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO₂ uptake in coastal western Alaska
Abstract The advancement of spring and the differential ability of organisms to respond to changes in plant phenology may lead to “phenological mismatches” as a result of climate change. One potential for considerable mismatch is between migratory birds and food availability in northern breeding ran...
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ftunivoulu:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2019062421753 2023-07-30T04:02:06+02:00 Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO₂ uptake in coastal western Alaska Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) Beard, K. H. (Karen H.) Kelsey, K. C. (Katharine C.) Choi, R. T. (Ryan T.) Schmutz, J. A. (Joel A.) Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.) 2019 application/pdf http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019062421753 eng eng John Wiley & Sons info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Leffler, AJ, Beard, KH, Kelsey, KC, Choi, RT, Schmutz, JA, Welker, JM. Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO2 uptake in coastal western Alaska. Glob Change Biol. 2019; 25: 277– 289, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14473. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving Arctic Pacific black brant ecosystem respiration greenhouse gas emission herbivory net ecosystem exchange phenological mismatch subarctic info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 2019 ftunivoulu 2023-07-08T19:56:06Z Abstract The advancement of spring and the differential ability of organisms to respond to changes in plant phenology may lead to “phenological mismatches” as a result of climate change. One potential for considerable mismatch is between migratory birds and food availability in northern breeding ranges, and these mismatches may have consequences for ecosystem function. We conducted a three‐year experiment to examine the consequences for CO₂ exchange of advanced spring green‐up and altered timing of grazing by migratory Pacific black brant in a coastal wetland in western Alaska. Experimental treatments represent the variation in green‐up and timing of peak grazing intensity that currently exists in the system. Delayed grazing resulted in greater net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary productivity (GPP), while early grazing reduced CO₂ uptake with the potential of causing net ecosystem carbon (C) loss in late spring and early summer. Conversely, advancing the growing season only influenced ecosystem respiration (ER), resulting in a small increase in ER with no concomitant impact on GPP or NEE. The experimental treatment that represents the most likely future, with green‐up advancing more rapidly than arrival of migratory geese, results in NEE changing by 1.2 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ toward a greater CO₂ sink in spring and summer. Increased sink strength, however, may be mitigated by early arrival of migratory geese, which would reduce CO₂ uptake. Importantly, while the direct effect of climate warming on phenology of green‐up has a minimal influence on NEE, the indirect effect of climate warming manifest through changes in the timing of peak grazing can have a significant impact on C balance in northern coastal wetlands. Furthermore, processes influencing the timing of goose migration in the winter range can significantly influence ecosystem function in summer habitats. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Subarctic Alaska Jultika - University of Oulu repository Arctic Brant ENVELOPE(7.105,7.105,62.917,62.917) Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Jultika - University of Oulu repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivoulu |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic Pacific black brant ecosystem respiration greenhouse gas emission herbivory net ecosystem exchange phenological mismatch subarctic |
spellingShingle |
Arctic Pacific black brant ecosystem respiration greenhouse gas emission herbivory net ecosystem exchange phenological mismatch subarctic Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) Beard, K. H. (Karen H.) Kelsey, K. C. (Katharine C.) Choi, R. T. (Ryan T.) Schmutz, J. A. (Joel A.) Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.) Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO₂ uptake in coastal western Alaska |
topic_facet |
Arctic Pacific black brant ecosystem respiration greenhouse gas emission herbivory net ecosystem exchange phenological mismatch subarctic |
description |
Abstract The advancement of spring and the differential ability of organisms to respond to changes in plant phenology may lead to “phenological mismatches” as a result of climate change. One potential for considerable mismatch is between migratory birds and food availability in northern breeding ranges, and these mismatches may have consequences for ecosystem function. We conducted a three‐year experiment to examine the consequences for CO₂ exchange of advanced spring green‐up and altered timing of grazing by migratory Pacific black brant in a coastal wetland in western Alaska. Experimental treatments represent the variation in green‐up and timing of peak grazing intensity that currently exists in the system. Delayed grazing resulted in greater net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary productivity (GPP), while early grazing reduced CO₂ uptake with the potential of causing net ecosystem carbon (C) loss in late spring and early summer. Conversely, advancing the growing season only influenced ecosystem respiration (ER), resulting in a small increase in ER with no concomitant impact on GPP or NEE. The experimental treatment that represents the most likely future, with green‐up advancing more rapidly than arrival of migratory geese, results in NEE changing by 1.2 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ toward a greater CO₂ sink in spring and summer. Increased sink strength, however, may be mitigated by early arrival of migratory geese, which would reduce CO₂ uptake. Importantly, while the direct effect of climate warming on phenology of green‐up has a minimal influence on NEE, the indirect effect of climate warming manifest through changes in the timing of peak grazing can have a significant impact on C balance in northern coastal wetlands. Furthermore, processes influencing the timing of goose migration in the winter range can significantly influence ecosystem function in summer habitats. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) Beard, K. H. (Karen H.) Kelsey, K. C. (Katharine C.) Choi, R. T. (Ryan T.) Schmutz, J. A. (Joel A.) Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.) |
author_facet |
Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) Beard, K. H. (Karen H.) Kelsey, K. C. (Katharine C.) Choi, R. T. (Ryan T.) Schmutz, J. A. (Joel A.) Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.) |
author_sort |
Leffler, A. J. (A. Joshua) |
title |
Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO₂ uptake in coastal western Alaska |
title_short |
Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO₂ uptake in coastal western Alaska |
title_full |
Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO₂ uptake in coastal western Alaska |
title_fullStr |
Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO₂ uptake in coastal western Alaska |
title_full_unstemmed |
Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO₂ uptake in coastal western Alaska |
title_sort |
delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long co₂ uptake in coastal western alaska |
publisher |
John Wiley & Sons |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019062421753 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(7.105,7.105,62.917,62.917) |
geographic |
Arctic Brant Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Brant Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Subarctic Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Subarctic Alaska |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Leffler, AJ, Beard, KH, Kelsey, KC, Choi, RT, Schmutz, JA, Welker, JM. Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO2 uptake in coastal western Alaska. Glob Change Biol. 2019; 25: 277– 289, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14473. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving |
_version_ |
1772812824935923712 |