Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings
Abstract Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (¹⁴C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the or...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Springer Nature
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2018082834229 |
id |
ftunivoulu:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2018082834229 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivoulu:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2018082834229 2023-07-30T04:01:42+02:00 Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings Uusitalo, J. (J.) Arppe, L. (L.) Hackman, T. (T.) Helama, S. (S.) Kovaltsov, G. (G.) Mielikäinen, K. (K.) Mäkinen, H. (H.) Nöjd, P. (P.) Palonen, V. (V.) Usoskin, I. (I.) Oinonen, M. (M.) 2018 application/pdf http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2018082834229 eng eng Springer Nature info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-018-05883-1/MediaObjects/41467_2018_5883_MOESM1_ESM.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess © The Author(s) 2018. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2018 ftunivoulu 2023-07-08T19:56:06Z Abstract Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (¹⁴C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the ¹⁴C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced ¹⁴C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual ¹⁴C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood ¹⁴C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Jultika - University of Oulu repository Arctic |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Jultika - University of Oulu repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivoulu |
language |
English |
description |
Abstract Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (¹⁴C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the ¹⁴C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced ¹⁴C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual ¹⁴C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood ¹⁴C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Uusitalo, J. (J.) Arppe, L. (L.) Hackman, T. (T.) Helama, S. (S.) Kovaltsov, G. (G.) Mielikäinen, K. (K.) Mäkinen, H. (H.) Nöjd, P. (P.) Palonen, V. (V.) Usoskin, I. (I.) Oinonen, M. (M.) |
spellingShingle |
Uusitalo, J. (J.) Arppe, L. (L.) Hackman, T. (T.) Helama, S. (S.) Kovaltsov, G. (G.) Mielikäinen, K. (K.) Mäkinen, H. (H.) Nöjd, P. (P.) Palonen, V. (V.) Usoskin, I. (I.) Oinonen, M. (M.) Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
author_facet |
Uusitalo, J. (J.) Arppe, L. (L.) Hackman, T. (T.) Helama, S. (S.) Kovaltsov, G. (G.) Mielikäinen, K. (K.) Mäkinen, H. (H.) Nöjd, P. (P.) Palonen, V. (V.) Usoskin, I. (I.) Oinonen, M. (M.) |
author_sort |
Uusitalo, J. (J.) |
title |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_short |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_full |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_fullStr |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_full_unstemmed |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_sort |
solar superstorm of ad 774 recorded subannually by arctic tree rings |
publisher |
Springer Nature |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2018082834229 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-018-05883-1/MediaObjects/41467_2018_5883_MOESM1_ESM.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess © The Author(s) 2018. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
_version_ |
1772812463176155136 |