Observations of solar wind related climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere winter
Abstract This thesis studies the long-term relation between the solar wind driven energetic particle forcing into the atmosphere and the tropospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere winter. The work covers the period of more than one hundred years since the turn of the 20th century to present...
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University of Oulu
2016
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ftunivoulu:oai:oulu.fi:isbn978-952-62-1354-5 2023-07-30T04:03:55+02:00 Observations of solar wind related climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere winter Maliniemi, V. (Ville) 2016-12-21 application/pdf http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526213545 eng eng University of Oulu info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1239-4327 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess © University of Oulu, 2016 Atmospheric circulation Energetic particle precipitation Geomagnetic activity North Atlantic Oscillation Northern annular mode Quasi-biennial oscillation Sea-level pressure Solar activity Solar wind Sudden stratospheric warming Surface air temperature info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2016 ftunivoulu 2023-07-08T20:01:28Z Abstract This thesis studies the long-term relation between the solar wind driven energetic particle forcing into the atmosphere and the tropospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere winter. The work covers the period of more than one hundred years since the turn of the 20th century to present. The thesis makes a statistical analysis of satellite measurements of precipitating energetic electrons, sunspot number data and geomagnetic activity, and compares them with temperature and pressure measurements made at the Earth’s surface. Recent results, both observational and from chemistry climate models, have indicated significant effects in the Earth’s middle atmosphere due to the energetic electrons precipitating from the magnetosphere. These effects include the formation of reactive hydrogen and nitrogen oxides in the high latitude mesosphere and the depletion of ozone caused by them. Ozone is a radiatively active and important gas, which affects the thermal structure and dynamics of the middle atmosphere. Accordingly, the depletion of ozone can intensify the large scale stratospheric circulation pattern called the polar vortex. Winter weather conditions on the surface have been shown to be dependent on the polar vortex strength. This thesis shows that there is a significant relation between the average fluxes of medium energy (ten to hundred keVs) precipitating electrons and surface temperatures in parts of the Northern Hemisphere in winter time. Temperatures are positively correlated with electron fluxes in North Eurasia and negatively correlated in Greenland during the period 1980–2010 which is covered by direct satellite observations of precipitating particles. This difference is especially notable when major sudden stratospheric warmings and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), which both are known to affect the polar vortex strength, are taken into account. When extended to the late 19th century, the analysis shows that a similar temperature pattern is predominated during the declining phase of the ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Greenland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Jultika - University of Oulu repository Greenland |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Jultika - University of Oulu repository |
op_collection_id |
ftunivoulu |
language |
English |
topic |
Atmospheric circulation Energetic particle precipitation Geomagnetic activity North Atlantic Oscillation Northern annular mode Quasi-biennial oscillation Sea-level pressure Solar activity Solar wind Sudden stratospheric warming Surface air temperature |
spellingShingle |
Atmospheric circulation Energetic particle precipitation Geomagnetic activity North Atlantic Oscillation Northern annular mode Quasi-biennial oscillation Sea-level pressure Solar activity Solar wind Sudden stratospheric warming Surface air temperature Maliniemi, V. (Ville) Observations of solar wind related climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere winter |
topic_facet |
Atmospheric circulation Energetic particle precipitation Geomagnetic activity North Atlantic Oscillation Northern annular mode Quasi-biennial oscillation Sea-level pressure Solar activity Solar wind Sudden stratospheric warming Surface air temperature |
description |
Abstract This thesis studies the long-term relation between the solar wind driven energetic particle forcing into the atmosphere and the tropospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere winter. The work covers the period of more than one hundred years since the turn of the 20th century to present. The thesis makes a statistical analysis of satellite measurements of precipitating energetic electrons, sunspot number data and geomagnetic activity, and compares them with temperature and pressure measurements made at the Earth’s surface. Recent results, both observational and from chemistry climate models, have indicated significant effects in the Earth’s middle atmosphere due to the energetic electrons precipitating from the magnetosphere. These effects include the formation of reactive hydrogen and nitrogen oxides in the high latitude mesosphere and the depletion of ozone caused by them. Ozone is a radiatively active and important gas, which affects the thermal structure and dynamics of the middle atmosphere. Accordingly, the depletion of ozone can intensify the large scale stratospheric circulation pattern called the polar vortex. Winter weather conditions on the surface have been shown to be dependent on the polar vortex strength. This thesis shows that there is a significant relation between the average fluxes of medium energy (ten to hundred keVs) precipitating electrons and surface temperatures in parts of the Northern Hemisphere in winter time. Temperatures are positively correlated with electron fluxes in North Eurasia and negatively correlated in Greenland during the period 1980–2010 which is covered by direct satellite observations of precipitating particles. This difference is especially notable when major sudden stratospheric warmings and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), which both are known to affect the polar vortex strength, are taken into account. When extended to the late 19th century, the analysis shows that a similar temperature pattern is predominated during the declining phase of the ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Maliniemi, V. (Ville) |
author_facet |
Maliniemi, V. (Ville) |
author_sort |
Maliniemi, V. (Ville) |
title |
Observations of solar wind related climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere winter |
title_short |
Observations of solar wind related climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere winter |
title_full |
Observations of solar wind related climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere winter |
title_fullStr |
Observations of solar wind related climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
Observations of solar wind related climate effects in the Northern Hemisphere winter |
title_sort |
observations of solar wind related climate effects in the northern hemisphere winter |
publisher |
University of Oulu |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526213545 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
Greenland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1239-4327 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess © University of Oulu, 2016 |
_version_ |
1772815059740786688 |