Contribution of oceanic gas hydrate dissociation to the formation of Arctic Ocean methane plumes

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research
• Main Authors: Reagan, M., Moridis, G., Elliott, S., Maltrud, M.
• Other Authors: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Earth Sciences Division.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2011
• Subjects: 58 Geosciences Gas Hydrates; Climate Change; 54 Environmental Sciences; Gas Hydrates; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Svalbard; Climate change
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007189; https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc827823/

Vast quantities of methane are trapped in oceanic hydrate deposits, and there is concern that a rise in the ocean temperature will induce dissociation of these hydrate accumulations, potentially releasing large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. Because methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, such a release could have dramatic climatic consequences. The recent discovery of active methane gas venting along the landward limit of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) on the shallow continental slope (150 m - 400 m) west of Svalbard suggests that this process may already have begun, but the source of the methane has not yet been determined. This study performs 2-D simulations of hydrate dissociation in conditions representative of the Arctic Ocean margin to assess whether such hydrates could contribute to the observed gas release. The results show that shallow, low-saturation hydrate deposits, if subjected to recently observed or future predicted temperature changes at the seafloor, can release quantities of methane at the magnitudes similar to what has been observed, and that the releases will be localized near the landward limit of the GHSZ. Both gradual and rapid warming is simulated, along with a parametric sensitivity analysis, and localized gas release is observed for most of the cases. These results resemble the recently published observations and strongly suggest that hydrate dissociation and methane release as a result of climate change may be a real phenomenon, that it could occur on decadal timescales, and that it already may be occurring.