Low-(18)O Silicic Magmas: Why Are They So Rare?
LOW-180 silicic magmas are reported from only a small number of localities (e.g., Yellowstone and Iceland), yet petrologic evidence points to upper crustal assimilation coupled with fractional crystallization (AFC) during magma genesis for nearly all silicic magmas. The rarity of 10W-l `O magmas in...
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ftunivnotexas:info:ark/67531/metadc628327 2023-05-15T16:48:41+02:00 Low-(18)O Silicic Magmas: Why Are They So Rare? Balsley, Steven D. Gregory, Robert T. United States. Department of Energy. 1998-10-15 Text https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00161-7 https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc628327/ English eng Sandia National Laboratories other: DE00001370 rep-no: SAND98-2306J grantno: AC04-94AL85000 doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00161-7 osti: 1370 https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc628327/ ark: ark:/67531/metadc628327 Journal Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters Magmatism Magma Yellowstone National Park Iceland 58 Geosciences Article 1998 ftunivnotexas https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00161-7 2023-01-07T23:08:01Z LOW-180 silicic magmas are reported from only a small number of localities (e.g., Yellowstone and Iceland), yet petrologic evidence points to upper crustal assimilation coupled with fractional crystallization (AFC) during magma genesis for nearly all silicic magmas. The rarity of 10W-l `O magmas in intracontinental caldera settings is remarkable given the evidence of intense 10W-l*O meteoric hydrothermal alteration in the subvolcanic remnants of larger caldera systems. In the Platoro caldera complex, regional ignimbrites (150-1000 km3) have plagioclase 6180 values of 6.8 + 0.1%., whereas the Middle Tuff, a small-volume (est. 50-100 km3) post-caldera collapse pyroclastic sequence, has plagioclase 8]80 values between 5.5 and 6.8%o. On average, the plagioclase phenocrysts from the Middle Tuff are depleted by only 0.3%0 relative to those in the regional tuffs. At Yellowstone, small-volume post-caldera collapse intracaldera rhyolites are up to 5.5%o depleted relative to the regional ignimbrites. Two important differences between the Middle Tuff and the Yellowstone 10W-180 rhyolites elucidate the problem. Middle Tuff magmas reached water saturation and erupted explosively, whereas most of the 10W-l 80 Yellowstone rhyolites erupted effusively as domes or flows, and are nearly devoid of hydrous phenocrysts. Comparing the two eruptive types indicates that assimilation of 10W-180 material, combined with fractional crystallization, drives silicic melts to water oversaturation. Water saturated magmas either erupt explosively or quench as subsurface porphyrins bejiire the magmatic 180 can be dramatically lowered. Partial melting of low- 180 subvolcanic rocks by near-anhydrous magmas at Yellowstone produced small- volume, 10W-180 magmas directly, thereby circumventing the water saturation barrier encountered through normal AFC processes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland University of North Texas: UNT Digital Library Earth and Planetary Science Letters 162 1-4 123 136 |
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Open Polar |
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University of North Texas: UNT Digital Library |
op_collection_id |
ftunivnotexas |
language |
English |
topic |
Magmatism Magma Yellowstone National Park Iceland 58 Geosciences |
spellingShingle |
Magmatism Magma Yellowstone National Park Iceland 58 Geosciences Balsley, Steven D. Gregory, Robert T. Low-(18)O Silicic Magmas: Why Are They So Rare? |
topic_facet |
Magmatism Magma Yellowstone National Park Iceland 58 Geosciences |
description |
LOW-180 silicic magmas are reported from only a small number of localities (e.g., Yellowstone and Iceland), yet petrologic evidence points to upper crustal assimilation coupled with fractional crystallization (AFC) during magma genesis for nearly all silicic magmas. The rarity of 10W-l `O magmas in intracontinental caldera settings is remarkable given the evidence of intense 10W-l*O meteoric hydrothermal alteration in the subvolcanic remnants of larger caldera systems. In the Platoro caldera complex, regional ignimbrites (150-1000 km3) have plagioclase 6180 values of 6.8 + 0.1%., whereas the Middle Tuff, a small-volume (est. 50-100 km3) post-caldera collapse pyroclastic sequence, has plagioclase 8]80 values between 5.5 and 6.8%o. On average, the plagioclase phenocrysts from the Middle Tuff are depleted by only 0.3%0 relative to those in the regional tuffs. At Yellowstone, small-volume post-caldera collapse intracaldera rhyolites are up to 5.5%o depleted relative to the regional ignimbrites. Two important differences between the Middle Tuff and the Yellowstone 10W-180 rhyolites elucidate the problem. Middle Tuff magmas reached water saturation and erupted explosively, whereas most of the 10W-l 80 Yellowstone rhyolites erupted effusively as domes or flows, and are nearly devoid of hydrous phenocrysts. Comparing the two eruptive types indicates that assimilation of 10W-180 material, combined with fractional crystallization, drives silicic melts to water oversaturation. Water saturated magmas either erupt explosively or quench as subsurface porphyrins bejiire the magmatic 180 can be dramatically lowered. Partial melting of low- 180 subvolcanic rocks by near-anhydrous magmas at Yellowstone produced small- volume, 10W-180 magmas directly, thereby circumventing the water saturation barrier encountered through normal AFC processes. |
author2 |
United States. Department of Energy. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Balsley, Steven D. Gregory, Robert T. |
author_facet |
Balsley, Steven D. Gregory, Robert T. |
author_sort |
Balsley, Steven D. |
title |
Low-(18)O Silicic Magmas: Why Are They So Rare? |
title_short |
Low-(18)O Silicic Magmas: Why Are They So Rare? |
title_full |
Low-(18)O Silicic Magmas: Why Are They So Rare? |
title_fullStr |
Low-(18)O Silicic Magmas: Why Are They So Rare? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Low-(18)O Silicic Magmas: Why Are They So Rare? |
title_sort |
low-(18)o silicic magmas: why are they so rare? |
publisher |
Sandia National Laboratories |
publishDate |
1998 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00161-7 https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc628327/ |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Journal Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
op_relation |
other: DE00001370 rep-no: SAND98-2306J grantno: AC04-94AL85000 doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00161-7 osti: 1370 https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc628327/ ark: ark:/67531/metadc628327 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00161-7 |
container_title |
Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
container_volume |
162 |
container_issue |
1-4 |
container_start_page |
123 |
op_container_end_page |
136 |
_version_ |
1766038762501963776 |