Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube
Over 5,000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospher...
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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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ftunivnotexas:info:ark/67531/metadc1013932 2023-05-15T18:22:34+02:00 Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube Collaboration, IceCube Abbasi, R. al., et Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Nuclear Science Division. 2010-02-11 40 Text https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1013932/ English eng Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory rep-no: LBNL-3619E grantno: DE-AC02-05CH11231 osti: 985206 https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1013932/ ark: ark:/67531/metadc1013932 Journal Name: Phyiscal Review Letters Calibration Pmt Neutrino Cosmic Rays Ice Cherenkov Saturation Cathodes Photons Time Resolution Pmt Sensitivity Simulation Neutrinos Efficiency 79 Astronomy And Astrophysics Detection Tanks Nitrogen Photomultipliers Article 2010 ftunivnotexas 2019-03-23T23:08:15Z Over 5,000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospheric cosmic ray showers. IceCube is using the 10-inch diameter R7081-02 made by Hamamatsu Photonics. This paper describes the laboratory characterization and calibration of these PMTs before deployment. PMTs were illuminated with pulses ranging from single photons to saturation level. Parameterizations are given for the single photoelectron charge spectrum and the saturation behavior. Time resolution, late pulses and afterpulses are characterized. Because the PMTs are relatively large, the cathode sensitivity uniformity was measured. The absolute photon detection efficiency was calibrated using Rayleigh-scattered photons from a nitrogen laser. Measured characteristics are discussed in the context of their relevance to IceCube event reconstruction and simulation efforts. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole University of North Texas: UNT Digital Library South Pole |
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University of North Texas: UNT Digital Library |
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ftunivnotexas |
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English |
topic |
Calibration Pmt Neutrino Cosmic Rays Ice Cherenkov Saturation Cathodes Photons Time Resolution Pmt Sensitivity Simulation Neutrinos Efficiency 79 Astronomy And Astrophysics Detection Tanks Nitrogen Photomultipliers |
spellingShingle |
Calibration Pmt Neutrino Cosmic Rays Ice Cherenkov Saturation Cathodes Photons Time Resolution Pmt Sensitivity Simulation Neutrinos Efficiency 79 Astronomy And Astrophysics Detection Tanks Nitrogen Photomultipliers Collaboration, IceCube Abbasi, R. al., et Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
topic_facet |
Calibration Pmt Neutrino Cosmic Rays Ice Cherenkov Saturation Cathodes Photons Time Resolution Pmt Sensitivity Simulation Neutrinos Efficiency 79 Astronomy And Astrophysics Detection Tanks Nitrogen Photomultipliers |
description |
Over 5,000 PMTs are being deployed at the South Pole to compose the IceCube neutrino observatory. Many are placed deep in the ice to detect Cherenkov light emitted by the products of high-energy neutrino interactions, and others are frozen into tanks on the surface to detect particles from atmospheric cosmic ray showers. IceCube is using the 10-inch diameter R7081-02 made by Hamamatsu Photonics. This paper describes the laboratory characterization and calibration of these PMTs before deployment. PMTs were illuminated with pulses ranging from single photons to saturation level. Parameterizations are given for the single photoelectron charge spectrum and the saturation behavior. Time resolution, late pulses and afterpulses are characterized. Because the PMTs are relatively large, the cathode sensitivity uniformity was measured. The absolute photon detection efficiency was calibrated using Rayleigh-scattered photons from a nitrogen laser. Measured characteristics are discussed in the context of their relevance to IceCube event reconstruction and simulation efforts. |
author2 |
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Nuclear Science Division. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Collaboration, IceCube Abbasi, R. al., et |
author_facet |
Collaboration, IceCube Abbasi, R. al., et |
author_sort |
Collaboration, IceCube |
title |
Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
title_short |
Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
title_full |
Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
title_fullStr |
Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
title_full_unstemmed |
Calibration and Characterization of the IceCube Photomultiplier Tube |
title_sort |
calibration and characterization of the icecube photomultiplier tube |
publisher |
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1013932/ |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_source |
Journal Name: Phyiscal Review Letters |
op_relation |
rep-no: LBNL-3619E grantno: DE-AC02-05CH11231 osti: 985206 https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1013932/ ark: ark:/67531/metadc1013932 |
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1766201980059910144 |