Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers
The Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoons shape the melt and accumulation patterns of glaciers in High Mountain Asia in complex ways due to the interaction of persistent cloud cover, large temperature ranges, high atmospheric water content and high precipitation rates. Glacier energy and mass balanc...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2022
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Online Access: | https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/ https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022 https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/9/tc-16-1631-2022.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/1/Fugger_et_al._2022_Understanding_monsoon_controls_on_the_energy_and_mass_balance_of_glaciers_in_the_Central_and_Eastern_Himalaya_Accepted.pdf |
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ftunivnorthumb:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:48898 2023-05-15T18:32:35+02:00 Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers Fugger, Stefan Fyffe, Catriona Fatichi, Simone Miles, Evan McCarthy, Michael Shaw, Thomas E. Ding, Baohong Yang, Wei Wagnon, Patrick Immerzeel, Walter Liu, Qiao Pellicciotti, Francesca 2022-05-05 text https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/ https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022 https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/9/tc-16-1631-2022.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/1/Fugger_et_al._2022_Understanding_monsoon_controls_on_the_energy_and_mass_balance_of_glaciers_in_the_Central_and_Eastern_Himalaya_Accepted.pdf en eng Copernicus Publications https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/9/tc-16-1631-2022.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/1/Fugger_et_al._2022_Understanding_monsoon_controls_on_the_energy_and_mass_balance_of_glaciers_in_the_Central_and_Eastern_Himalaya_Accepted.pdf Fugger, Stefan, Fyffe, Catriona, Fatichi, Simone, Miles, Evan, McCarthy, Michael, Shaw, Thomas E., Ding, Baohong, Yang, Wei, Wagnon, Patrick, Immerzeel, Walter, Liu, Qiao and Pellicciotti, Francesca (2022) Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers. The Cryosphere, 16 (5). pp. 1631-1652. ISSN 1994-0416 cc_by_4_0 CC-BY F800 Physical and Terrestrial Geographical and Environmental Sciences Article PeerReviewed 2022 ftunivnorthumb https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022 2022-09-25T06:15:25Z The Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoons shape the melt and accumulation patterns of glaciers in High Mountain Asia in complex ways due to the interaction of persistent cloud cover, large temperature ranges, high atmospheric water content and high precipitation rates. Glacier energy and mass balance modelling using in-situ measurements offer insights into the ways in which surface processes are shaped by climatic regimes. In this study, we use a full energy- and mass-balance model and seven on-glacier automatic weather station datasets from different parts of the Central and Eastern Himalaya to investigate how monsoon conditions influence the glacier surface energy and mass balance. In particular, we look at how debris-covered and debris-free glaciers respond differently to monsoonal conditions. The radiation budget primarily controls the melt of clean ice glaciers, but turbulent fluxes play an important role in modulating the melt energy on debris-covered glaciers. The sensible heat flux decreases during core monsoon, but the latent heat flux cools the surface due to evaporation of liquid water. This interplay of radiative and turbulent fluxes causes debris-covered glacier melt rates to stay almost constant through the different phases of the monsoon. Ice melt under thin debris, on the other hand, is amplified by both the dark surface and the turbulent fluxes, which intensify melt during monsoon through surface heating and condensation. Pre monsoon snow cover can considerably delay melt onset and have a strong impact on the seasonal mass balance. Intermittent monsoon snow cover lowers the melt rates at high elevation. This work is fundamental to the understanding of the present and future Himalayan cryosphere and water budget, while informing and motivating further glacier- and catchment-scale research using process-based models. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Northumbria University, Newcastle: Northumbria Research Link (NRL) Indian The Cryosphere 16 5 1631 1652 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Northumbria University, Newcastle: Northumbria Research Link (NRL) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivnorthumb |
language |
English |
topic |
F800 Physical and Terrestrial Geographical and Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
F800 Physical and Terrestrial Geographical and Environmental Sciences Fugger, Stefan Fyffe, Catriona Fatichi, Simone Miles, Evan McCarthy, Michael Shaw, Thomas E. Ding, Baohong Yang, Wei Wagnon, Patrick Immerzeel, Walter Liu, Qiao Pellicciotti, Francesca Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers |
topic_facet |
F800 Physical and Terrestrial Geographical and Environmental Sciences |
description |
The Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoons shape the melt and accumulation patterns of glaciers in High Mountain Asia in complex ways due to the interaction of persistent cloud cover, large temperature ranges, high atmospheric water content and high precipitation rates. Glacier energy and mass balance modelling using in-situ measurements offer insights into the ways in which surface processes are shaped by climatic regimes. In this study, we use a full energy- and mass-balance model and seven on-glacier automatic weather station datasets from different parts of the Central and Eastern Himalaya to investigate how monsoon conditions influence the glacier surface energy and mass balance. In particular, we look at how debris-covered and debris-free glaciers respond differently to monsoonal conditions. The radiation budget primarily controls the melt of clean ice glaciers, but turbulent fluxes play an important role in modulating the melt energy on debris-covered glaciers. The sensible heat flux decreases during core monsoon, but the latent heat flux cools the surface due to evaporation of liquid water. This interplay of radiative and turbulent fluxes causes debris-covered glacier melt rates to stay almost constant through the different phases of the monsoon. Ice melt under thin debris, on the other hand, is amplified by both the dark surface and the turbulent fluxes, which intensify melt during monsoon through surface heating and condensation. Pre monsoon snow cover can considerably delay melt onset and have a strong impact on the seasonal mass balance. Intermittent monsoon snow cover lowers the melt rates at high elevation. This work is fundamental to the understanding of the present and future Himalayan cryosphere and water budget, while informing and motivating further glacier- and catchment-scale research using process-based models. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fugger, Stefan Fyffe, Catriona Fatichi, Simone Miles, Evan McCarthy, Michael Shaw, Thomas E. Ding, Baohong Yang, Wei Wagnon, Patrick Immerzeel, Walter Liu, Qiao Pellicciotti, Francesca |
author_facet |
Fugger, Stefan Fyffe, Catriona Fatichi, Simone Miles, Evan McCarthy, Michael Shaw, Thomas E. Ding, Baohong Yang, Wei Wagnon, Patrick Immerzeel, Walter Liu, Qiao Pellicciotti, Francesca |
author_sort |
Fugger, Stefan |
title |
Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers |
title_short |
Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers |
title_full |
Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers |
title_fullStr |
Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers |
title_sort |
understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of himalayan glaciers |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/ https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022 https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/9/tc-16-1631-2022.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/1/Fugger_et_al._2022_Understanding_monsoon_controls_on_the_energy_and_mass_balance_of_glaciers_in_the_Central_and_Eastern_Himalaya_Accepted.pdf |
geographic |
Indian |
geographic_facet |
Indian |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/9/tc-16-1631-2022.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/48898/1/Fugger_et_al._2022_Understanding_monsoon_controls_on_the_energy_and_mass_balance_of_glaciers_in_the_Central_and_Eastern_Himalaya_Accepted.pdf Fugger, Stefan, Fyffe, Catriona, Fatichi, Simone, Miles, Evan, McCarthy, Michael, Shaw, Thomas E., Ding, Baohong, Yang, Wei, Wagnon, Patrick, Immerzeel, Walter, Liu, Qiao and Pellicciotti, Francesca (2022) Understanding monsoon controls on the energy and mass balance of Himalayan glaciers. The Cryosphere, 16 (5). pp. 1631-1652. ISSN 1994-0416 |
op_rights |
cc_by_4_0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1631 |
op_container_end_page |
1652 |
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1766216785456005120 |