Impact of abrupt sea ice loss on Greenland water isotopes during the last glacial period

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• Main Authors: Sime, Louise, Hopcroft, Peter, Rhodes, Rachael
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: National Academy of Sciences 2019
• Subjects: F800 Physical and Terrestrial Geographical and Environmental Sciences; Greenland; Greenland ice core; Greenland ice cores; ice core; Ice Shelf; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/38235/; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807261116; https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/38235/1/Sime%20et%20al%20-%20Impact%20of%20abrupt%20sea%20ice%20loss%20on%20Greenland%20water%20isotopes%20during%20the%20last%20glacial%20period%20OA.pdf; https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/38235/9/4099.full.pdf

Greenland ice cores provide excellent evidence of past abrupt climate changes. However, there is no universally accepted theory of how and why these Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events occur. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain DO events, including sea ice, ice shelf buildup, ice sheets, atmospheric circulation, and meltwater changes. DO event temperature reconstructions depend on the stable water isotope (δ18O) and nitrogen isotope measurements from Greenland ice cores: interpretation of these measurements holds the key to understanding the nature of DO events. Here, we demonstrate the primary importance of sea ice as a control on Greenland ice core δ18O: 95% of the variability in δ18O in southern Greenland is explained by DO event sea ice changes. Our suite of DO events, simulated using a general circulation model, accurately captures the amplitude of δ18O enrichment during the abrupt DO event onsets. Simulated geographical variability is broadly consistent with available ice core evidence. We find an hitherto unknown sensitivity of the δ18O paleothermometer to the magnitude of DO event temperature increase: the change in δ18O per Kelvin temperature increase reduces with DO event amplitude. We show that this effect is controlled by precipitation seasonality.