Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling
Two-dimensional measurements of snowpack properties (stratigraphic layering, density, grain size and temperature) were used as inputs to the multi-layer Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) microwave emission model at a centimeter-scale horizontal resolution, across a 4.5 m transect of ground-bas...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |
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Language: | English |
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American Geophysical Union
2014
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Online Access: | https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/ https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF003017 https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/1/Rutter_2014.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/5/jgrf20216.pdf |
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ftunivnorthumb:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:15542 2023-05-15T15:11:52+02:00 Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling Rutter, Nick Sandells, Melody Derksen, Chris Toose, Peter Royer, Alain Montpetit, Benoit Lemmetyinen, Juha Pulliainen, Jouni 2014-03 application/pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/ https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF003017 https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/1/Rutter_2014.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/5/jgrf20216.pdf en eng American Geophysical Union https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/1/Rutter_2014.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/5/jgrf20216.pdf Rutter, Nick, Sandells, Melody, Derksen, Chris, Toose, Peter, Royer, Alain, Montpetit, Benoit, Lemmetyinen, Juha and Pulliainen, Jouni (2014) Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 119 (3). pp. 550-565. ISSN 2169-9011 cc_by_nc_nd CC-BY-NC-ND F800 Physical and Terrestrial Geographical and Environmental Sciences Article PeerReviewed 2014 ftunivnorthumb https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF003017 2022-09-25T05:58:55Z Two-dimensional measurements of snowpack properties (stratigraphic layering, density, grain size and temperature) were used as inputs to the multi-layer Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) microwave emission model at a centimeter-scale horizontal resolution, across a 4.5 m transect of ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Snowpack stratigraphy was complex (between six and eight layers) with only three layers extending continuously throughout the length of the transect. Distributions of one-dimensional simulations, accurately representing complex stratigraphic layering, were evaluated using measured brightness temperatures. Large biases (36 to 68 K) between simulated and measured brightness temperatures were minimized (-0.5 to 0.6 K), within measurement accuracy, through application of grain scaling factors (2.6 to 5.3) at different combinations of frequencies, polarizations and model extinction coefficients. Grain scaling factors compensated for uncertainty relating optical SSA to HUT effective grain size inputs and quantified relative differences in scattering and absorption properties of various extinction coefficients. The HUT model required accurate representation of ice lenses, particularly at horizontal polarization, and large grain scaling factors highlighted the need to consider microstructure beyond the size of individual grains. As variability of extinction coefficients was strongly influenced by the proportion of large (hoar) grains in a vertical profile, it is important to consider simulations from distributions of one-dimensional profiles rather than single profiles, especially in sub-Arctic snowpacks where stratigraphic variability can be high. Model sensitivity experiments suggested the level of error in field measurements and the new methodological framework used to apply them in a snow emission model were satisfactory. Layer amalgamation showed a three-layer representation of snowpack stratigraphy reduced the bias of a one-layer representation ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Churchill Northumbria University, Newcastle: Northumbria Research Link (NRL) Arctic Canada Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 119 3 550 565 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Northumbria University, Newcastle: Northumbria Research Link (NRL) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivnorthumb |
language |
English |
topic |
F800 Physical and Terrestrial Geographical and Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
F800 Physical and Terrestrial Geographical and Environmental Sciences Rutter, Nick Sandells, Melody Derksen, Chris Toose, Peter Royer, Alain Montpetit, Benoit Lemmetyinen, Juha Pulliainen, Jouni Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling |
topic_facet |
F800 Physical and Terrestrial Geographical and Environmental Sciences |
description |
Two-dimensional measurements of snowpack properties (stratigraphic layering, density, grain size and temperature) were used as inputs to the multi-layer Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) microwave emission model at a centimeter-scale horizontal resolution, across a 4.5 m transect of ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Snowpack stratigraphy was complex (between six and eight layers) with only three layers extending continuously throughout the length of the transect. Distributions of one-dimensional simulations, accurately representing complex stratigraphic layering, were evaluated using measured brightness temperatures. Large biases (36 to 68 K) between simulated and measured brightness temperatures were minimized (-0.5 to 0.6 K), within measurement accuracy, through application of grain scaling factors (2.6 to 5.3) at different combinations of frequencies, polarizations and model extinction coefficients. Grain scaling factors compensated for uncertainty relating optical SSA to HUT effective grain size inputs and quantified relative differences in scattering and absorption properties of various extinction coefficients. The HUT model required accurate representation of ice lenses, particularly at horizontal polarization, and large grain scaling factors highlighted the need to consider microstructure beyond the size of individual grains. As variability of extinction coefficients was strongly influenced by the proportion of large (hoar) grains in a vertical profile, it is important to consider simulations from distributions of one-dimensional profiles rather than single profiles, especially in sub-Arctic snowpacks where stratigraphic variability can be high. Model sensitivity experiments suggested the level of error in field measurements and the new methodological framework used to apply them in a snow emission model were satisfactory. Layer amalgamation showed a three-layer representation of snowpack stratigraphy reduced the bias of a one-layer representation ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rutter, Nick Sandells, Melody Derksen, Chris Toose, Peter Royer, Alain Montpetit, Benoit Lemmetyinen, Juha Pulliainen, Jouni |
author_facet |
Rutter, Nick Sandells, Melody Derksen, Chris Toose, Peter Royer, Alain Montpetit, Benoit Lemmetyinen, Juha Pulliainen, Jouni |
author_sort |
Rutter, Nick |
title |
Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling |
title_short |
Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling |
title_full |
Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling |
title_fullStr |
Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling |
title_sort |
snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/ https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF003017 https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/1/Rutter_2014.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/5/jgrf20216.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada |
genre |
Arctic Churchill |
genre_facet |
Arctic Churchill |
op_relation |
https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/1/Rutter_2014.pdf https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/15542/5/jgrf20216.pdf Rutter, Nick, Sandells, Melody, Derksen, Chris, Toose, Peter, Royer, Alain, Montpetit, Benoit, Lemmetyinen, Juha and Pulliainen, Jouni (2014) Snow stratigraphic heterogeneity within ground-based passive microwave radiometer footprints: implications for emission modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 119 (3). pp. 550-565. ISSN 2169-9011 |
op_rights |
cc_by_nc_nd |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF003017 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |
container_volume |
119 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
550 |
op_container_end_page |
565 |
_version_ |
1766342658125463552 |