Variations of twentieth-century temperature and precipitation extreme indicators in the northeast United States

• Main Authors: Griffiths, Michael L., Bradley, Raymond S.
• Other Authors: The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Health, School of Medicine and Public Health
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: American Meteorological Society 2007
• Subjects: temperature extreme indicators; precipitation extreme indicators; empirical orthogonal function analysis; Arctic Oscillation; El Niño–Southern Oscillation; Pacific–North American pattern; Arctic; Pacific
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/33946

An examination of five temperature and five precipitation extreme indicators reveals an increase in both temperature and precipitation extremes over the 1926–2000 period in the northeast United States, with most of this increase occurring over the past four decades. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of winter frost days (FD) and warm nights (TN90) and also winter consecutive dry days (CDD) and very wet days (R95T) over the 1950–2000 period reveals that some of the variability associated with changes in these extremes may be explained by variations in the Arctic Oscillation (AO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern. The most prominent feature of these results was the high correlation between the leading EOF of frost days and warm nights and the AO. Winter composites of temperature and precipitation extreme indicators were examined for different phases of the AO and ENSO during the 1926–2000 period. Overall, the AO is a better predictor of winter warm nights, while the ENSO is a better predictor of consecutive dry days in the northeast United States.