PRODUCTIVITY, MORTALITY, AND POPULATION TRENDS OF WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA
Population parameters, mortality causes, and mechanisms of a population decline were studied in wolves (Canis lupus lycaon) from 1968 to 1976 in the Superior National Forest. The main method was aerial radio-tracking of 129 wolves and their packmates. Due to a decline in white-tailed deer (Odocoileu...
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1977
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ftunivnebraskali:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:usgsnpwrc-1350 2023-11-12T04:15:38+01:00 PRODUCTIVITY, MORTALITY, AND POPULATION TRENDS OF WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA Mech, L. David 1977-11-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/346 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/usgsnpwrc/article/1350/viewcontent/Mech_JM_1977_PRODUCTIVITY__MORTALITY__AND.pdf unknown DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/346 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/usgsnpwrc/article/1350/viewcontent/Mech_JM_1977_PRODUCTIVITY__MORTALITY__AND.pdf USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Animal Sciences Behavior and Ethology Biodiversity Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Environmental Policy Life Sciences Recreation Parks and Tourism Administration Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology text 1977 ftunivnebraskali 2023-10-30T09:54:55Z Population parameters, mortality causes, and mechanisms of a population decline were studied in wolves (Canis lupus lycaon) from 1968 to 1976 in the Superior National Forest. The main method was aerial radio-tracking of 129 wolves and their packmates. Due to a decline in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the wolf population decreased during most of the study. Average annual productivity varied from 1.5 to 3.3 pups per litter, and annual mortality rates from 7 to 65 percent. Malnutrition and intraspecific strife accounted equally for 58 percent of the mortality; human causes accounted for the remainder. As wolf numbers began to decline, pup starvation became apparent, followed by lower pup production, and then by increased intraspecific strife. At higher densities, adult pack wolves were the most secure members of the population, but as the population declined, they became the least secure because of intraspecific strife. Text Canis lupus University of Nebraska-Lincoln: DigitalCommons@UNL |
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Open Polar |
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University of Nebraska-Lincoln: DigitalCommons@UNL |
op_collection_id |
ftunivnebraskali |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Animal Sciences Behavior and Ethology Biodiversity Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Environmental Policy Life Sciences Recreation Parks and Tourism Administration Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology |
spellingShingle |
Animal Sciences Behavior and Ethology Biodiversity Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Environmental Policy Life Sciences Recreation Parks and Tourism Administration Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Mech, L. David PRODUCTIVITY, MORTALITY, AND POPULATION TRENDS OF WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA |
topic_facet |
Animal Sciences Behavior and Ethology Biodiversity Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Environmental Policy Life Sciences Recreation Parks and Tourism Administration Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology |
description |
Population parameters, mortality causes, and mechanisms of a population decline were studied in wolves (Canis lupus lycaon) from 1968 to 1976 in the Superior National Forest. The main method was aerial radio-tracking of 129 wolves and their packmates. Due to a decline in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the wolf population decreased during most of the study. Average annual productivity varied from 1.5 to 3.3 pups per litter, and annual mortality rates from 7 to 65 percent. Malnutrition and intraspecific strife accounted equally for 58 percent of the mortality; human causes accounted for the remainder. As wolf numbers began to decline, pup starvation became apparent, followed by lower pup production, and then by increased intraspecific strife. At higher densities, adult pack wolves were the most secure members of the population, but as the population declined, they became the least secure because of intraspecific strife. |
format |
Text |
author |
Mech, L. David |
author_facet |
Mech, L. David |
author_sort |
Mech, L. David |
title |
PRODUCTIVITY, MORTALITY, AND POPULATION TRENDS OF WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA |
title_short |
PRODUCTIVITY, MORTALITY, AND POPULATION TRENDS OF WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA |
title_full |
PRODUCTIVITY, MORTALITY, AND POPULATION TRENDS OF WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA |
title_fullStr |
PRODUCTIVITY, MORTALITY, AND POPULATION TRENDS OF WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA |
title_full_unstemmed |
PRODUCTIVITY, MORTALITY, AND POPULATION TRENDS OF WOLVES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA |
title_sort |
productivity, mortality, and population trends of wolves in northeastern minnesota |
publisher |
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln |
publishDate |
1977 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/346 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/usgsnpwrc/article/1350/viewcontent/Mech_JM_1977_PRODUCTIVITY__MORTALITY__AND.pdf |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/346 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/usgsnpwrc/article/1350/viewcontent/Mech_JM_1977_PRODUCTIVITY__MORTALITY__AND.pdf |
_version_ |
1782332920373968896 |