Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States
1. Annual average near-surface air temperatures across Alaska and the Arctic have increased over the last 50 years at a rate more than twice as fast as the global average temperature. (Very high confidence) 2. Rising Alaskan permafrost temperatures are causing permafrost to thaw and become more disc...
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ftunivnebraskali:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:usdeptcommercepub-1581 2023-11-12T04:10:50+01:00 Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States Taylor, Patrick Maslowski, Wieslaw Perlwitz, Judith Wuebbles, Donald 2017-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/582 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/usdeptcommercepub/article/1581/viewcontent/CSSR_2017___11.pdf unknown DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/582 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/usdeptcommercepub/article/1581/viewcontent/CSSR_2017___11.pdf Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce text 2017 ftunivnebraskali 2023-10-30T09:54:23Z 1. Annual average near-surface air temperatures across Alaska and the Arctic have increased over the last 50 years at a rate more than twice as fast as the global average temperature. (Very high confidence) 2. Rising Alaskan permafrost temperatures are causing permafrost to thaw and become more discontinuous; this process releases additional CO2 and methane, resulting in an amplifying feedback and additional warming (high confidence). The overall magnitude of the permafrost–carbon feedback is uncertain; however, it is clear that these emissions have the potential to complicate the ability to meet policy goals for the reduction of greenhouse gas concentrations. 3. Arctic land and sea ice loss observed in the last three decades continues, in some cases accelerating (very high confidence). It is virtually certain that Alaska glaciers have lost mass over the last 50 years, with each year since 1984 showing an annual average ice mass less than the previous year. Based on gravitational data from satellites, average ice mass loss from Greenland was −269 Gt per year between April 2002 and April 2016, accelerating in recent years (high confidence). Since the early 1980s, annual average Arctic sea ice has decreased in extent between 3.5% and 4.1% per decade, become thinner by between 4.3 and 7.5 feet, and began melting at least 15 more days each year. September sea ice extent has decreased between 10.7% and 15.9% per decade (very high confidence). Arctic-wide ice loss is expected to continue through the 21st century, very likely resulting in nearly sea ice-free late summers by the 2040s (very high confidence). 4. It is virtually certain that human activities have contributed to Arctic surface temperature warming, sea ice loss since 1979, glacier mass loss, and northern hemisphere snow extent decline observed across the Arctic (very high confidence). Human activities have likely contributed to more than half of the observed Arctic surface temperature rise and September sea ice decline since 1979 (high confidence). 5. ... Text Arctic glacier glacier glaciers Greenland Ice permafrost Sea ice Alaska University of Nebraska-Lincoln: DigitalCommons@UNL Arctic Greenland |
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University of Nebraska-Lincoln: DigitalCommons@UNL |
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1. Annual average near-surface air temperatures across Alaska and the Arctic have increased over the last 50 years at a rate more than twice as fast as the global average temperature. (Very high confidence) 2. Rising Alaskan permafrost temperatures are causing permafrost to thaw and become more discontinuous; this process releases additional CO2 and methane, resulting in an amplifying feedback and additional warming (high confidence). The overall magnitude of the permafrost–carbon feedback is uncertain; however, it is clear that these emissions have the potential to complicate the ability to meet policy goals for the reduction of greenhouse gas concentrations. 3. Arctic land and sea ice loss observed in the last three decades continues, in some cases accelerating (very high confidence). It is virtually certain that Alaska glaciers have lost mass over the last 50 years, with each year since 1984 showing an annual average ice mass less than the previous year. Based on gravitational data from satellites, average ice mass loss from Greenland was −269 Gt per year between April 2002 and April 2016, accelerating in recent years (high confidence). Since the early 1980s, annual average Arctic sea ice has decreased in extent between 3.5% and 4.1% per decade, become thinner by between 4.3 and 7.5 feet, and began melting at least 15 more days each year. September sea ice extent has decreased between 10.7% and 15.9% per decade (very high confidence). Arctic-wide ice loss is expected to continue through the 21st century, very likely resulting in nearly sea ice-free late summers by the 2040s (very high confidence). 4. It is virtually certain that human activities have contributed to Arctic surface temperature warming, sea ice loss since 1979, glacier mass loss, and northern hemisphere snow extent decline observed across the Arctic (very high confidence). Human activities have likely contributed to more than half of the observed Arctic surface temperature rise and September sea ice decline since 1979 (high confidence). 5. ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Taylor, Patrick Maslowski, Wieslaw Perlwitz, Judith Wuebbles, Donald |
spellingShingle |
Taylor, Patrick Maslowski, Wieslaw Perlwitz, Judith Wuebbles, Donald Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States |
author_facet |
Taylor, Patrick Maslowski, Wieslaw Perlwitz, Judith Wuebbles, Donald |
author_sort |
Taylor, Patrick |
title |
Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States |
title_short |
Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States |
title_full |
Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States |
title_fullStr |
Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arctic changes and their effects on Alaska and the rest of the United States |
title_sort |
arctic changes and their effects on alaska and the rest of the united states |
publisher |
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/582 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/usdeptcommercepub/article/1581/viewcontent/CSSR_2017___11.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic glacier glacier glaciers Greenland Ice permafrost Sea ice Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic glacier glacier glaciers Greenland Ice permafrost Sea ice Alaska |
op_source |
Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/582 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/usdeptcommercepub/article/1581/viewcontent/CSSR_2017___11.pdf |
_version_ |
1782330118052511744 |