A protected area influences genotype-specific survival and the structure of a Canis hybrid zone
It is widely recognized that protected areas can strongly influence ecological systems and that hybridization is an important conservation issue. However, previous studies have not explicitly considered the influence of protected areas on hybridization dynamics. Eastern wolves are a species of speci...
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ftunivnebraskali:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:natrespapers-1764 2023-11-12T04:15:45+01:00 A protected area influences genotype-specific survival and the structure of a Canis hybrid zone Benson, John F. Patterson, Brent R. Mahoney, Peter J. 2013-07-11T07:00:00Z application/pdf https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/759 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/natrespapers/article/1764/viewcontent/BensonEcology2014ProtectedArea.pdf unknown DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/759 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/natrespapers/article/1764/viewcontent/BensonEcology2014ProtectedArea.pdf Papers in Natural Resources Algonquin Provincial Park Ontario Canada Canis latrans Canis lupus Canis lycaon competing risks conservation reserves eastern coyote eastern wolf gray wolf harvest hybridization survival Environmental Sciences Natural Resources and Conservation Natural Resources Management and Policy Other Environmental Sciences text 2013 ftunivnebraskali 2023-10-30T11:42:45Z It is widely recognized that protected areas can strongly influence ecological systems and that hybridization is an important conservation issue. However, previous studies have not explicitly considered the influence of protected areas on hybridization dynamics. Eastern wolves are a species of special concern and their distribution is largely restricted to a protected population in Algonquin Provincial Park (APP), Ontario, Canada, where they are the numerically dominant canid. We studied intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing survival and cause-specific mortality of hybrid and parental canids in the three-species hybrid zone between eastern wolves, eastern coyotes, and gray wolves in and adjacent to APP. Mortality risk for eastern wolves in areas adjacent to APP was significantly higher than for other sympatric Canis types outside of APP, and for eastern wolves and other canids within APP. Outside of APP, the annual mortality rate of all canids by harvest (24%) was higher than for other causes of death (4–7%). Furthermore, eastern wolves (hazard ratio ¼ 3.5) and nonresidents (transients and dispersing animals, hazard ratio ¼ 2.7) were more likely to die from harvest relative to other Canis types and residents, respectively. Thus, eastern wolves dispersing from APP were especially vulnerable to harvest mortality. For residents, eastern wolf survival was more negatively influenced by increased road density than for other Canis types, further highlighting the sensitivity of eastern wolves to human disturbance. A cycle of dispersal from APP followed by high rates of mortality and hybridization appears to maintain eastern wolves at low density adjacent to APP, limiting the potential for expansion beyond the protected area. However, high survival and numerical dominance of eastern wolves within APP suggest that protected areas can allow rare hybridizing species to persist even if their demographic performance is compromised and barriers to hybridization are largely absent in the adjacent matrix. Text Canis lupus gray wolf University of Nebraska-Lincoln: DigitalCommons@UNL Canada |
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Open Polar |
collection |
University of Nebraska-Lincoln: DigitalCommons@UNL |
op_collection_id |
ftunivnebraskali |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Algonquin Provincial Park Ontario Canada Canis latrans Canis lupus Canis lycaon competing risks conservation reserves eastern coyote eastern wolf gray wolf harvest hybridization survival Environmental Sciences Natural Resources and Conservation Natural Resources Management and Policy Other Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Algonquin Provincial Park Ontario Canada Canis latrans Canis lupus Canis lycaon competing risks conservation reserves eastern coyote eastern wolf gray wolf harvest hybridization survival Environmental Sciences Natural Resources and Conservation Natural Resources Management and Policy Other Environmental Sciences Benson, John F. Patterson, Brent R. Mahoney, Peter J. A protected area influences genotype-specific survival and the structure of a Canis hybrid zone |
topic_facet |
Algonquin Provincial Park Ontario Canada Canis latrans Canis lupus Canis lycaon competing risks conservation reserves eastern coyote eastern wolf gray wolf harvest hybridization survival Environmental Sciences Natural Resources and Conservation Natural Resources Management and Policy Other Environmental Sciences |
description |
It is widely recognized that protected areas can strongly influence ecological systems and that hybridization is an important conservation issue. However, previous studies have not explicitly considered the influence of protected areas on hybridization dynamics. Eastern wolves are a species of special concern and their distribution is largely restricted to a protected population in Algonquin Provincial Park (APP), Ontario, Canada, where they are the numerically dominant canid. We studied intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing survival and cause-specific mortality of hybrid and parental canids in the three-species hybrid zone between eastern wolves, eastern coyotes, and gray wolves in and adjacent to APP. Mortality risk for eastern wolves in areas adjacent to APP was significantly higher than for other sympatric Canis types outside of APP, and for eastern wolves and other canids within APP. Outside of APP, the annual mortality rate of all canids by harvest (24%) was higher than for other causes of death (4–7%). Furthermore, eastern wolves (hazard ratio ¼ 3.5) and nonresidents (transients and dispersing animals, hazard ratio ¼ 2.7) were more likely to die from harvest relative to other Canis types and residents, respectively. Thus, eastern wolves dispersing from APP were especially vulnerable to harvest mortality. For residents, eastern wolf survival was more negatively influenced by increased road density than for other Canis types, further highlighting the sensitivity of eastern wolves to human disturbance. A cycle of dispersal from APP followed by high rates of mortality and hybridization appears to maintain eastern wolves at low density adjacent to APP, limiting the potential for expansion beyond the protected area. However, high survival and numerical dominance of eastern wolves within APP suggest that protected areas can allow rare hybridizing species to persist even if their demographic performance is compromised and barriers to hybridization are largely absent in the adjacent matrix. |
format |
Text |
author |
Benson, John F. Patterson, Brent R. Mahoney, Peter J. |
author_facet |
Benson, John F. Patterson, Brent R. Mahoney, Peter J. |
author_sort |
Benson, John F. |
title |
A protected area influences genotype-specific survival and the structure of a Canis hybrid zone |
title_short |
A protected area influences genotype-specific survival and the structure of a Canis hybrid zone |
title_full |
A protected area influences genotype-specific survival and the structure of a Canis hybrid zone |
title_fullStr |
A protected area influences genotype-specific survival and the structure of a Canis hybrid zone |
title_full_unstemmed |
A protected area influences genotype-specific survival and the structure of a Canis hybrid zone |
title_sort |
protected area influences genotype-specific survival and the structure of a canis hybrid zone |
publisher |
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/759 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/natrespapers/article/1764/viewcontent/BensonEcology2014ProtectedArea.pdf |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
Canis lupus gray wolf |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus gray wolf |
op_source |
Papers in Natural Resources |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/759 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/natrespapers/article/1764/viewcontent/BensonEcology2014ProtectedArea.pdf |
_version_ |
1782333027630710784 |