Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator–Multiple Prey System
Minimizing risk of predation from multiple predators can be difficult, particularly when the risk effects of one predator species may influence vulnerability to a second predator species. We decomposed spatial risk of predation in a 2-predator, 2-prey system into relative risk of encounter and, give...
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2009
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ftunivnebraskali:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:icwdm_usdanwrc-1857 2023-11-12T04:15:40+01:00 Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator–Multiple Prey System Atwood, Todd C. Gese, Eric Kunkel, Kyran 2009-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/871 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/icwdm_usdanwrc/article/1857/viewcontent/Atwood_JWM_2009_Spatial_partitioning.pdf unknown DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/871 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/icwdm_usdanwrc/article/1857/viewcontent/Atwood_JWM_2009_Spatial_partitioning.pdf USDA Wildlife Services - Staff Publications Environmental Sciences text 2009 ftunivnebraskali 2023-10-30T10:43:18Z Minimizing risk of predation from multiple predators can be difficult, particularly when the risk effects of one predator species may influence vulnerability to a second predator species. We decomposed spatial risk of predation in a 2-predator, 2-prey system into relative risk of encounter and, given an encounter, conditional relative risk of being killed. Then, we generated spatially explicit functions of total risk of predation for each prey species (elk [Cervus elaphus] and mule deer [Odocoileus hemionus]) by combining risks of encounter and kill. For both mule deer and elk, topographic and vegetation type effects, along with resource selection by their primary predator (cougars [Puma concolor] and wolves [Canis lupus], respectively), strongly influenced risk of encounter. Following an encounter, topographic and vegetation type effects altered the risk of predation for both ungulates. For mule deer, risk of direct predation was largely a function of cougar resource selection. However, for elk, risk of direct predation was not only a function of wolf occurrence, but also of habitat attributes that increased elk vulnerability to predation following an encounter. Our analysis of stage-based (i.e., encounter and kill) predation indicates that the risk effect of elk shifting to structurally complex habitat may ameliorate risk of direct predation by wolves but exacerbate risk of direct predation by cougars. Information on spatiotemporal patterns of predation will be become increasingly important as state agencies in the western United States face pressure to integrate predator and prey management. Text Canis lupus University of Nebraska-Lincoln: DigitalCommons@UNL |
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University of Nebraska-Lincoln: DigitalCommons@UNL |
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Environmental Sciences |
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Environmental Sciences Atwood, Todd C. Gese, Eric Kunkel, Kyran Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator–Multiple Prey System |
topic_facet |
Environmental Sciences |
description |
Minimizing risk of predation from multiple predators can be difficult, particularly when the risk effects of one predator species may influence vulnerability to a second predator species. We decomposed spatial risk of predation in a 2-predator, 2-prey system into relative risk of encounter and, given an encounter, conditional relative risk of being killed. Then, we generated spatially explicit functions of total risk of predation for each prey species (elk [Cervus elaphus] and mule deer [Odocoileus hemionus]) by combining risks of encounter and kill. For both mule deer and elk, topographic and vegetation type effects, along with resource selection by their primary predator (cougars [Puma concolor] and wolves [Canis lupus], respectively), strongly influenced risk of encounter. Following an encounter, topographic and vegetation type effects altered the risk of predation for both ungulates. For mule deer, risk of direct predation was largely a function of cougar resource selection. However, for elk, risk of direct predation was not only a function of wolf occurrence, but also of habitat attributes that increased elk vulnerability to predation following an encounter. Our analysis of stage-based (i.e., encounter and kill) predation indicates that the risk effect of elk shifting to structurally complex habitat may ameliorate risk of direct predation by wolves but exacerbate risk of direct predation by cougars. Information on spatiotemporal patterns of predation will be become increasingly important as state agencies in the western United States face pressure to integrate predator and prey management. |
format |
Text |
author |
Atwood, Todd C. Gese, Eric Kunkel, Kyran |
author_facet |
Atwood, Todd C. Gese, Eric Kunkel, Kyran |
author_sort |
Atwood, Todd C. |
title |
Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator–Multiple Prey System |
title_short |
Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator–Multiple Prey System |
title_full |
Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator–Multiple Prey System |
title_fullStr |
Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator–Multiple Prey System |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial Partitioning of Predation Risk in a Multiple Predator–Multiple Prey System |
title_sort |
spatial partitioning of predation risk in a multiple predator–multiple prey system |
publisher |
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/871 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/icwdm_usdanwrc/article/1857/viewcontent/Atwood_JWM_2009_Spatial_partitioning.pdf |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_source |
USDA Wildlife Services - Staff Publications |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/871 https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/context/icwdm_usdanwrc/article/1857/viewcontent/Atwood_JWM_2009_Spatial_partitioning.pdf |
_version_ |
1782332961498071040 |