Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota: effects of a glacial-lake outburst
Glacial-lake outbursts commonly occurred along the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet as ice-marginal lakes suddenly drained. These outbursts released huge volumes of water with tremendous erosive potential, forming large trench-shape channels. Although glacial-lake spillways have been stud...
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ftunivndakota:oai:commons.und.edu:theses-1182 2023-06-11T04:12:53+02:00 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota: effects of a glacial-lake outburst Lord, Mark L. 1988-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://commons.und.edu/theses/183 https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/1182/viewcontent/Lord__Mark_L.__PhD_Diss_1988.pdf https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/1182/filename/0/type/additional/viewcontent/Lord_Plate.zip unknown UND Scholarly Commons https://commons.und.edu/theses/183 https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/1182/viewcontent/Lord__Mark_L.__PhD_Diss_1988.pdf https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/1182/filename/0/type/additional/viewcontent/Lord_Plate.zip Theses and Dissertations Geology Stratigraphic--Pleistocene Lake sediments--North Dakota--Souris Lake Glacial lakes--North Dakota--Souris text 1988 ftunivndakota 2023-05-07T17:30:06Z Glacial-lake outbursts commonly occurred along the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet as ice-marginal lakes suddenly drained. These outbursts released huge volumes of water with tremendous erosive potential, forming large trench-shape channels. Although glacial-lake spillways have been studied in detail, the effects of outbursts on downstream lakes have not. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the Glacial Lake Regina outburst on the lake that received the flows, Glacial Lake Souris. Glacial Lake Souris, located in what is now North Dakota, was inundated by about 74 km3 of water carrying 25 km3 of sediment from the outburst of Lake Regina (Saskatchewan). Prior to the outburst, the bottom of Lake Souris was irregular with two shallow depressions and comprised of diamicton overlain by silt and clay rhythmites. Quiet-water lake sedimentation was abruptly halted by coarse-grained outburst sedimentation. Based on surficial mapping, subsurface sample collection, and textural analyses, the outburst sediments have been grouped into three lithofacies: 1) matrix-rich gravel, commonly with lignite, that generally occurs at the base of the outburst sediments; 2) matrix deficient gravel, generally without lignite, that occurs near the ground surface adjacent to the Souris spillway; and 3) sand, the most widespread lithofacies, that tends to overlie other lithofacies. Lignite particles are abundant in much of the sand; at depth, outsize lignite clasts are common. Three major depositional processes probably are responsible for deposition of the outburst sediments: braided rivers, low-density turbidity currents (the dominant process), and high-density turbidity currents or modified grain flows. Most high-density flows resulted directly from the influx of the outburst or from continuous avalanching due to rapid sedimentation. Low-density turbidity currents occurred for the entire duration of the outburst and were caused by the continuous influx of sediment-laden flows and by residual currents from ... Text Ice Sheet UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota) Glacial Lake ENVELOPE(-129.463,-129.463,58.259,58.259) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivndakota |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Geology Stratigraphic--Pleistocene Lake sediments--North Dakota--Souris Lake Glacial lakes--North Dakota--Souris |
spellingShingle |
Geology Stratigraphic--Pleistocene Lake sediments--North Dakota--Souris Lake Glacial lakes--North Dakota--Souris Lord, Mark L. Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota: effects of a glacial-lake outburst |
topic_facet |
Geology Stratigraphic--Pleistocene Lake sediments--North Dakota--Souris Lake Glacial lakes--North Dakota--Souris |
description |
Glacial-lake outbursts commonly occurred along the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet as ice-marginal lakes suddenly drained. These outbursts released huge volumes of water with tremendous erosive potential, forming large trench-shape channels. Although glacial-lake spillways have been studied in detail, the effects of outbursts on downstream lakes have not. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the Glacial Lake Regina outburst on the lake that received the flows, Glacial Lake Souris. Glacial Lake Souris, located in what is now North Dakota, was inundated by about 74 km3 of water carrying 25 km3 of sediment from the outburst of Lake Regina (Saskatchewan). Prior to the outburst, the bottom of Lake Souris was irregular with two shallow depressions and comprised of diamicton overlain by silt and clay rhythmites. Quiet-water lake sedimentation was abruptly halted by coarse-grained outburst sedimentation. Based on surficial mapping, subsurface sample collection, and textural analyses, the outburst sediments have been grouped into three lithofacies: 1) matrix-rich gravel, commonly with lignite, that generally occurs at the base of the outburst sediments; 2) matrix deficient gravel, generally without lignite, that occurs near the ground surface adjacent to the Souris spillway; and 3) sand, the most widespread lithofacies, that tends to overlie other lithofacies. Lignite particles are abundant in much of the sand; at depth, outsize lignite clasts are common. Three major depositional processes probably are responsible for deposition of the outburst sediments: braided rivers, low-density turbidity currents (the dominant process), and high-density turbidity currents or modified grain flows. Most high-density flows resulted directly from the influx of the outburst or from continuous avalanching due to rapid sedimentation. Low-density turbidity currents occurred for the entire duration of the outburst and were caused by the continuous influx of sediment-laden flows and by residual currents from ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Lord, Mark L. |
author_facet |
Lord, Mark L. |
author_sort |
Lord, Mark L. |
title |
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota: effects of a glacial-lake outburst |
title_short |
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota: effects of a glacial-lake outburst |
title_full |
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota: effects of a glacial-lake outburst |
title_fullStr |
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota: effects of a glacial-lake outburst |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota: effects of a glacial-lake outburst |
title_sort |
sedimentology and stratigraphy of glacial lake souris, north dakota: effects of a glacial-lake outburst |
publisher |
UND Scholarly Commons |
publishDate |
1988 |
url |
https://commons.und.edu/theses/183 https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/1182/viewcontent/Lord__Mark_L.__PhD_Diss_1988.pdf https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/1182/filename/0/type/additional/viewcontent/Lord_Plate.zip |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-129.463,-129.463,58.259,58.259) |
geographic |
Glacial Lake |
geographic_facet |
Glacial Lake |
genre |
Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet |
op_source |
Theses and Dissertations |
op_relation |
https://commons.und.edu/theses/183 https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/1182/viewcontent/Lord__Mark_L.__PhD_Diss_1988.pdf https://commons.und.edu/context/theses/article/1182/filename/0/type/additional/viewcontent/Lord_Plate.zip |
_version_ |
1768389023964856320 |