Control of diatom blooms by parasites in the Western English Channel

• Main Author: Arsenieff, Laure
• Other Authors: Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Nathalie Simon, Anne-Claire Baudoux
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2018
• Subjects: Diatoms; Parasites; Control; Western English Channel; Characterization; Diversity; Diatomées; Contrôle; Manche occidentale; Caractérisation; Diversité; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography; [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02864776; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02864776/document; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02864776/file/these_ARSENIEFF_Laure_2018.pdf

Diatoms are one of the most successful phytoplankton groups. They can form considerable seasonal blooms with important biogeochemical implications, especially with respect to carbon export. To date, the role of parasites in the regulation of diatom blooms remains elusive. The main objective of this thesis was to identify the parasites associated to dominant diatom species in the Western English Channel to better understand how parasitism regulates diatom blooms. The first part of the project aimed to identify parasitic network that controls the diatom Guinardia, a major component of microphytoplankton communities in coastal systems of the North Atlantic. Intensive isolation of Guinardia species and associated parasites into laboratory culture was carried out between August 2015 and October 2016 from the SOMLIT-Astan long- term monitoring station. Characterization of these isolates revealed an unsuspected diversity of parasites that infect Guinardia delicatula, with at least three types of parasites belonging to distinct lineages: viruses (Picornavirales, Bacillarnavirus), a eukaryotic parasite (Labyrinthulomycetes, Aplanochytrium sp.) and algicidal bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Kordia sp.). These pathogens have never previously been described in association with Guinardia and therefore add to the list of known parasites reported for this host species. The parasites isolated from SOMLIT-Astan displayed different infection strategies, suggesting complex interplays in nature. In the second part of this thesis, the study was extended to nanoplanktonic diatoms that belong to the genera Minidiscus and Thalassiosira. These minute microalgae are widespread in the global ocean, but their seasonal dynamics are quasi-unexplored. Using a combination of microscope observations and molecular tools, we showed that these nanodiatoms numerically dominated the phytoplankton community at the SOMLIT-Astan station and that they have contrasted seasonal patterns. The large set of 82 parasites, including 27 viruses, isolated from these two ...