Distribution models and environmental changes : Application to echinoid faunas in the Southern Ocean and ecoregionalization

• Main Author: Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé
• Other Authors: Biogéosciences UMR 6282 (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université libre de Bruxelles (1970-.), Thomas Saucède, Bruno Danis
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2018
• Subjects: Dynamic Energy Budget; Species distribution models; Southern Ocean; Echinoids; Modèles de niche écologique; Océan Austral; Echinides; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity; [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes; [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology; Austral
• Online Access: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02063427; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02063427/document; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02063427/file/78830_FABRI-RUIZ_2018_archivage.pdf

Current environmental changes, which impact marine environments, cover major scientific and societal issues, especially as these environmental changes are expected to accelerate along the 21st century. Understanding and forecasting the response of marine biodiversity to these changes is a pregnant scientific issue. Biogeographic and macroecological approaches provide a scientific framework for that purpose. They allow describing and understanding species distribution patterns at large spatial scale as well as estimating their potential shift with regards to environmental change. This is particularly true in the Southern Ocean, where the effects of climate change are already occurring and where environmental changes could have a deep and manifold impact on the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. Despite recent sampling efforts, our knowledge of the Southern Ocean species distributions still faces many shortcomings due to the rather recent discovery of this ocean, its isolation and remoteness along with difficult access conditions. In this context, the aims of this thesis are to better understand the factors that drive species distribution patterns at the Southern Ocean scale, and to assess the impact of climate change on their distribution. For this purpose, different types of Species Distribution Models (SDM) have been used. Echinoids (sea urchins), which are common organisms of benthic communities in the Southern Ocean, have been used as a biological model for this work. Les modifications environnementales qui affectent aujourd'hui les milieux marins recouvrent des problématiques scientifiques et sociétales majeures, d'autant que ces changements devraient s'accélérer au cours du 21ème siècle. Comprendre et anticiper la réponse de la biodiversité marine à ces changements représente un enjeu scientifique d'actualité. Les approches biogéographiques et macroécologiques constituent un cadre scientifique dans lequel il est possible d'étudier, de décrire, et de comprendre les motifs de distribution des ...