Validation of immunotoxicological tools for the study of biological effects of marine polutants

• Main Author: Duchemin, Matthieu
• Other Authors: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Québec (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Michel Fournier([e-mail]), BEEP, ERIKA, RITMER, IMOPHYS, CIRE
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 2007
• Subjects: immunotoxicology; flow cytometry; aquatic toxicology; ecotoxicology; immunotoxicologie; hémocytes; cytométrie en flux; bivalves; environnement; écotoxicologie; toxicologie aquatique; aquaculture; [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology; Pacific; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oyster
• Online Access: https://theses.hal.science/tel-00256657; https://theses.hal.science/tel-00256657/document; https://theses.hal.science/tel-00256657/file/MS_PhD_Duchemin.pdf

Industrial, agricultural, and urban sewages, loaded in various pollutants, draw a chronic ecotoxicological risk on coastal marine ecosystems. For twenty years, the toxic effects of chemicals on the immune system have been studied in all ecological groups, especially in bivalves, to characterize that risk in aquatic ecosystems. To define an operating framework of these immunotoxicological tools, several methodological questions were addressed. Then, was studied the impact of natural endogenous and environmental factors on the immunotoxic signal emitted by a pollutant. Through a French and Canadian framework, two-year surveys in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis and in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, took place in France (Rade de Brest) and gave evidence of the critical role of sex and reproductive cycle on the seasonal patterns of immune parameters, despite the environmental factors of the water column. In the meantime, batches of “in tubo” exposures of blue mussels, in Quebec, at two different seasons, showed also the importance of sex and reproductive cycle in the measurement of the immunotoxic signal, but, most of all, in the immunotoxic sensitivity. Finally, this research built an operating framework for the use of immunotoxicological biomarkers, for chemical risk assessment in coastal marine ecosystems. Furthermore, these findings showed the dramatic role of the studied confounding factors to assess with accuracy the danger of chemicals. Les effluents industriels, agricoles et urbains, chargés en polluants divers, soumettent les écosystèmes marins côtiers à un risque écotoxicologique chronique. Depuis une vingtaine d'années, les effets toxiques des polluants sur le système immunitaire ont été étudiés chez tous les groupes écologiques, notamment chez les bivalves pour caractériser ce risque dans les écosystèmes aquatiques. Pour définir un cadre opérationnel de ces outils immunotoxicologiques, il a fallu d'abord étudier plusieurs questions méthodologiques. Ensuite, il convenait d'étudier l'impact des ...