How the Saint Santin incoherent scatter system paved the way for a French involvement in EISCAT
International audience This paper relates the development of a French incoherent scatter system which started its operations in 1965. This development took place several years after the initial implementation of such systems in the United States, in Peru and in the United Kingdom. The French system,...
Published in: | History of Geo- and Space Sciences |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2013
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Online Access: | https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/file/hgss-4-97-2013.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013 |
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Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES |
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ftunivnantes |
language |
English |
topic |
[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences |
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[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences Bauer, Pierre Giraud, Alain Kofman, Wlodek Petit, Michel Waldteufel, Philippe How the Saint Santin incoherent scatter system paved the way for a French involvement in EISCAT |
topic_facet |
[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences |
description |
International audience This paper relates the development of a French incoherent scatter system which started its operations in 1965. This development took place several years after the initial implementation of such systems in the United States, in Peru and in the United Kingdom. The French system, owing to its bistatic configuration and the use of continuous waves, differed from the previous ones. These characteristics yielded signals of excellent spectral quality, unravelling the possibility of inferring physical parameters (Doppler shift, average ion mass) out of reach, at that time, of other systems. The possibility of making ion drift vector measurements led to extend the system into a quadristatic configuration. The multiple capabilities offered by the incoherent scatter technique, notably as concerns the thermodynamical properties of the ionosphere and of the thermosphere, led further the French community to a project of embarking an incoherent scatter radar on board a ship. Taking account of a project of a Scandinavian auroral zone radar and of the considerable interest of the study of auroral zone electrodynamics, the French community abandoned the idea of the ship and expressed an interest in joining the Scandinavian project in conjunction with Germany and the United Kingdom. |
author2 |
Bureau des Longitudes Ecrivain Scientifique Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Académie des Sciences Paris Institut de France ESTER - LATMOS Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bauer, Pierre Giraud, Alain Kofman, Wlodek Petit, Michel Waldteufel, Philippe |
author_facet |
Bauer, Pierre Giraud, Alain Kofman, Wlodek Petit, Michel Waldteufel, Philippe |
author_sort |
Bauer, Pierre |
title |
How the Saint Santin incoherent scatter system paved the way for a French involvement in EISCAT |
title_short |
How the Saint Santin incoherent scatter system paved the way for a French involvement in EISCAT |
title_full |
How the Saint Santin incoherent scatter system paved the way for a French involvement in EISCAT |
title_fullStr |
How the Saint Santin incoherent scatter system paved the way for a French involvement in EISCAT |
title_full_unstemmed |
How the Saint Santin incoherent scatter system paved the way for a French involvement in EISCAT |
title_sort |
how the saint santin incoherent scatter system paved the way for a french involvement in eiscat |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/file/hgss-4-97-2013.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013 |
genre |
EISCAT |
genre_facet |
EISCAT |
op_source |
ISSN: 2190-5010 History of Geo- and Space Sciences https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392 History of Geo- and Space Sciences, 2013, 4 (2), pp.97-103. ⟨10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013 insu-01626392 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/file/hgss-4-97-2013.pdf doi:10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013 |
container_title |
History of Geo- and Space Sciences |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
97 |
op_container_end_page |
103 |
_version_ |
1766400365151911936 |
spelling |
ftunivnantes:oai:HAL:insu-01626392v1 2023-05-15T16:04:44+02:00 How the Saint Santin incoherent scatter system paved the way for a French involvement in EISCAT Bauer, Pierre Giraud, Alain Kofman, Wlodek Petit, Michel Waldteufel, Philippe Bureau des Longitudes Ecrivain Scientifique Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Académie des Sciences Paris Institut de France ESTER - LATMOS Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2013 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/file/hgss-4-97-2013.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013 en eng HAL CCSD Copernicus Publications info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013 insu-01626392 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/document https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392/file/hgss-4-97-2013.pdf doi:10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 2190-5010 History of Geo- and Space Sciences https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01626392 History of Geo- and Space Sciences, 2013, 4 (2), pp.97-103. ⟨10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013⟩ [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2013 ftunivnantes https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-4-97-2013 2023-03-01T05:38:12Z International audience This paper relates the development of a French incoherent scatter system which started its operations in 1965. This development took place several years after the initial implementation of such systems in the United States, in Peru and in the United Kingdom. The French system, owing to its bistatic configuration and the use of continuous waves, differed from the previous ones. These characteristics yielded signals of excellent spectral quality, unravelling the possibility of inferring physical parameters (Doppler shift, average ion mass) out of reach, at that time, of other systems. The possibility of making ion drift vector measurements led to extend the system into a quadristatic configuration. The multiple capabilities offered by the incoherent scatter technique, notably as concerns the thermodynamical properties of the ionosphere and of the thermosphere, led further the French community to a project of embarking an incoherent scatter radar on board a ship. Taking account of a project of a Scandinavian auroral zone radar and of the considerable interest of the study of auroral zone electrodynamics, the French community abandoned the idea of the ship and expressed an interest in joining the Scandinavian project in conjunction with Germany and the United Kingdom. Article in Journal/Newspaper EISCAT Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES History of Geo- and Space Sciences 4 2 97 103 |