Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers
International audience For the release of a slab avalanche, crack propagation within a weak snowpack layer below a cohesive snow slab is required. As crack speed measurements can give insight into underlying processes, we analysed three crack propagation events that occurred in similar snowpacks and...
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Online Access: | https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/document https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/file/Crack%20propagation%20speeds%20in%20weak%20snowpack%20layers_track_changes.pdf https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.118 |
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ftunivnantes:oai:HAL:hal-03808850v1 2023-05-15T16:57:30+02:00 Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers Bergfeld, Bastian van Herwijnen, Alec Bobillier, Grégoire Larose, Eric Moreau, Ludovic Trottet, Bertil Gaume, Johan Cathomen, Janic Dual, Jürg Schweizer, Jürg Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich) 2022-06 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/document https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/file/Crack%20propagation%20speeds%20in%20weak%20snowpack%20layers_track_changes.pdf https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.118 en eng HAL CCSD International Glaciological Society info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1017/jog.2021.118 hal-03808850 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/document https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/file/Crack%20propagation%20speeds%20in%20weak%20snowpack%20layers_track_changes.pdf doi:10.1017/jog.2021.118 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0022-1430 EISSN: 1727-5652 Journal of Glaciology https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850 Journal of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, 2022, 68 (269), pp.557-570. ⟨10.1017/jog.2021.118⟩ [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2022 ftunivnantes https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.118 2022-11-02T00:13:27Z International audience For the release of a slab avalanche, crack propagation within a weak snowpack layer below a cohesive snow slab is required. As crack speed measurements can give insight into underlying processes, we analysed three crack propagation events that occurred in similar snowpacks and covered all scales relevant for avalanche release. For the largest scale, up to 400 m, we estimated crack speed from an avalanche movie; for scales between 5 and 25 m, we used accelerometers placed on the snow surface and for scales below 5 m, we performed a propagation saw test. The mean crack speeds ranged from 36 ± 6 to 49 ± 5 m s −1 , and did not exhibit scale dependence. Using the discrete element method and the material point method, we reproduced the measured crack speeds reasonably well, in particular the terminal crack speed observed at smaller scales. Finally, we used a finite element model to assess the speed of different elastic waves in a layered snowpack. Results suggest that the observed cracks propagated as mixed mode closing cracks and that the flexural wave of the slab is responsible for the energy transfer to the crack tip. Article in Journal/Newspaper Journal of Glaciology Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES Journal of Glaciology 68 269 557 570 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES |
op_collection_id |
ftunivnantes |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] Bergfeld, Bastian van Herwijnen, Alec Bobillier, Grégoire Larose, Eric Moreau, Ludovic Trottet, Bertil Gaume, Johan Cathomen, Janic Dual, Jürg Schweizer, Jürg Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers |
topic_facet |
[SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
description |
International audience For the release of a slab avalanche, crack propagation within a weak snowpack layer below a cohesive snow slab is required. As crack speed measurements can give insight into underlying processes, we analysed three crack propagation events that occurred in similar snowpacks and covered all scales relevant for avalanche release. For the largest scale, up to 400 m, we estimated crack speed from an avalanche movie; for scales between 5 and 25 m, we used accelerometers placed on the snow surface and for scales below 5 m, we performed a propagation saw test. The mean crack speeds ranged from 36 ± 6 to 49 ± 5 m s −1 , and did not exhibit scale dependence. Using the discrete element method and the material point method, we reproduced the measured crack speeds reasonably well, in particular the terminal crack speed observed at smaller scales. Finally, we used a finite element model to assess the speed of different elastic waves in a layered snowpack. Results suggest that the observed cracks propagated as mixed mode closing cracks and that the flexural wave of the slab is responsible for the energy transfer to the crack tip. |
author2 |
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bergfeld, Bastian van Herwijnen, Alec Bobillier, Grégoire Larose, Eric Moreau, Ludovic Trottet, Bertil Gaume, Johan Cathomen, Janic Dual, Jürg Schweizer, Jürg |
author_facet |
Bergfeld, Bastian van Herwijnen, Alec Bobillier, Grégoire Larose, Eric Moreau, Ludovic Trottet, Bertil Gaume, Johan Cathomen, Janic Dual, Jürg Schweizer, Jürg |
author_sort |
Bergfeld, Bastian |
title |
Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers |
title_short |
Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers |
title_full |
Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers |
title_fullStr |
Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers |
title_sort |
crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/document https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/file/Crack%20propagation%20speeds%20in%20weak%20snowpack%20layers_track_changes.pdf https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.118 |
genre |
Journal of Glaciology |
genre_facet |
Journal of Glaciology |
op_source |
ISSN: 0022-1430 EISSN: 1727-5652 Journal of Glaciology https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850 Journal of Glaciology, International Glaciological Society, 2022, 68 (269), pp.557-570. ⟨10.1017/jog.2021.118⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1017/jog.2021.118 hal-03808850 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/document https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03808850/file/Crack%20propagation%20speeds%20in%20weak%20snowpack%20layers_track_changes.pdf doi:10.1017/jog.2021.118 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.118 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
68 |
container_issue |
269 |
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557 |
op_container_end_page |
570 |
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