On non-canonical (aka alienable) possession in Negidal

• Main Authors: Aralova, Natalia, Pakendorf, Brigitte
• Other Authors: Dynamique Du Langage (DDL), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
• Format: Conference Object
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2021
• Subjects: [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics; Tungusic languages
• Online Access: https://hal.univ-lyon2.fr/hal-03740541

International audience So-called (in)alienable possession is described as a cross-linguistically common feature whereby two distinct kinds of possession―inherent and permanent vs. loosely associated and non-permanent―are formally distinguished in adnominal constructions (e.g. Nichols 1988, Chappell & McGregor 1996, Haspelmath 2017). This category has also been widely noted in the Tungusic languages (Boldyrev 1976; Avrorin 1959: 155-163; Novikova 1960: 145-152; Nikolaeva & Tolskaya 2001: 135-141). The Tungusic distinction is most commonly illustrated with the contrast between inherently possessed body parts on the one hand and body parts of dead animals that have entered the possession of some human on the other, with the latter being formally marked by a suffix -ŋV. Such examples appear to show that this formal opposition in possession marking is indeed one of inalienable vs. alienable possession. However, in Negidal, a critically endangered language spoken on the Amgun’ river, the so-called alienable possession suffix (which takes the form -ŋi) occurs in contexts that cannot be explained by any form of loose association or “socially or economically conferred ownership” (Nichols 1988: 568), such as with human referents or with the sun, casting doubts on an analysis in terms of alienability. Nikolaeva & Tolskaya (2001: 135-141) also point out that in Udihe the cognate suffix occurs in many more contexts than simply alienable possession. They describe the suffix as having five distinct functions, namely to mark: temporary ownership, alienable possession, an abstract associative relationship, a substitutional meaning, and predicative possession. In contrast to such previous accounts that ascribe distinct functions to the so-called alienable suffix, we here propose a novel analysis for Negidal by which it is not the suffix -ŋi that has particular functions. Rather, there are different contexts in which possessive marking by itself, without the addition of -ŋi, is needed for pragmatic or semantic ...