Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018
International audience The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades1,2, and it is expected to continue to be so3. Although increases in glacier flow4,5,6 and surface melting7,8,9 have been driven by oceanic10,11,12 and atmospheric13,14 warming, the...
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-03025884 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 |
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ftunivnantes:oai:HAL:hal-03025884v1 2023-05-15T16:21:13+02:00 Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 Shepherd, Andrew Ivins, Erik Rignot, Eric Smith, Ben Broeke, Michiel van Den Velicogna, Isabella Whitehouse, Pippa Briggs, Kate Joughin, Ian Krinner, Gerhard Nowicki, Sophie Payne, Tony Scambos, Ted Schlegel, Nicole A, Geruo Agosta, Cécile Ahlstrøm, Andreas Babonis, Greg Barletta, Valentina R. Bjørk, Anders A. Blazquez, Alejandro Bonin, Jennifer Colgan, William Csatho, Beata Cullather, Richard Engdahl, Marcus E. Felikson, Denis Fettweis, Xavier Forsberg, Rene Hogg, Anna E. Gallee, Hubert Gardner, Alex Gilbert, Lin Gourmelen, Noel Groh, Andreas Gunter, Brian Hanna, Edward Harig, Christopher Helm, Veit Horvath, Alexander Horwath, Martin Khan, Shfaqat Kjeldsen, Kristian K. Konrad, Hannes Langen, Peter L. Lecavalier, Benoit Loomis, Bryant Luthcke, Scott Mcmillan, Malcolm Melini, Daniele Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ) Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) 2020-03 https://hal.science/hal-03025884 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 en eng HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 hal-03025884 https://hal.science/hal-03025884 doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 ISSN: 0028-0836 EISSN: 1476-4687 Nature https://hal.science/hal-03025884 Nature, 2020, 579 (7798), pp.233-239. ⟨10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2⟩ [SDE]Environmental Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2020 ftunivnantes https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 2023-03-01T02:51:59Z International audience The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades1,2, and it is expected to continue to be so3. Although increases in glacier flow4,5,6 and surface melting7,8,9 have been driven by oceanic10,11,12 and atmospheric13,14 warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet’s mass imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet’s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 ± 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 ± 342 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 ± 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 ± 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,938 ± 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 ± 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 ± 25 billion tonnes per year since then. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 ± 30 billion tonnes per year between 2013 and 2017, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions15 and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ16. Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario17, which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate. Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Greenland Ice Sheet Jakobshavn Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES Greenland Nature 579 7798 233 239 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES |
op_collection_id |
ftunivnantes |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDE]Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
[SDE]Environmental Sciences Shepherd, Andrew Ivins, Erik Rignot, Eric Smith, Ben Broeke, Michiel van Den Velicogna, Isabella Whitehouse, Pippa Briggs, Kate Joughin, Ian Krinner, Gerhard Nowicki, Sophie Payne, Tony Scambos, Ted Schlegel, Nicole A, Geruo Agosta, Cécile Ahlstrøm, Andreas Babonis, Greg Barletta, Valentina R. Bjørk, Anders A. Blazquez, Alejandro Bonin, Jennifer Colgan, William Csatho, Beata Cullather, Richard Engdahl, Marcus E. Felikson, Denis Fettweis, Xavier Forsberg, Rene Hogg, Anna E. Gallee, Hubert Gardner, Alex Gilbert, Lin Gourmelen, Noel Groh, Andreas Gunter, Brian Hanna, Edward Harig, Christopher Helm, Veit Horvath, Alexander Horwath, Martin Khan, Shfaqat Kjeldsen, Kristian K. Konrad, Hannes Langen, Peter L. Lecavalier, Benoit Loomis, Bryant Luthcke, Scott Mcmillan, Malcolm Melini, Daniele Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
topic_facet |
[SDE]Environmental Sciences |
description |
International audience The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades1,2, and it is expected to continue to be so3. Although increases in glacier flow4,5,6 and surface melting7,8,9 have been driven by oceanic10,11,12 and atmospheric13,14 warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet’s mass imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet’s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 ± 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 ± 342 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 ± 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 ± 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,938 ± 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 ± 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 ± 25 billion tonnes per year since then. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 ± 30 billion tonnes per year between 2013 and 2017, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions15 and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ16. Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario17, which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate. |
author2 |
Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ) Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shepherd, Andrew Ivins, Erik Rignot, Eric Smith, Ben Broeke, Michiel van Den Velicogna, Isabella Whitehouse, Pippa Briggs, Kate Joughin, Ian Krinner, Gerhard Nowicki, Sophie Payne, Tony Scambos, Ted Schlegel, Nicole A, Geruo Agosta, Cécile Ahlstrøm, Andreas Babonis, Greg Barletta, Valentina R. Bjørk, Anders A. Blazquez, Alejandro Bonin, Jennifer Colgan, William Csatho, Beata Cullather, Richard Engdahl, Marcus E. Felikson, Denis Fettweis, Xavier Forsberg, Rene Hogg, Anna E. Gallee, Hubert Gardner, Alex Gilbert, Lin Gourmelen, Noel Groh, Andreas Gunter, Brian Hanna, Edward Harig, Christopher Helm, Veit Horvath, Alexander Horwath, Martin Khan, Shfaqat Kjeldsen, Kristian K. Konrad, Hannes Langen, Peter L. Lecavalier, Benoit Loomis, Bryant Luthcke, Scott Mcmillan, Malcolm Melini, Daniele |
author_facet |
Shepherd, Andrew Ivins, Erik Rignot, Eric Smith, Ben Broeke, Michiel van Den Velicogna, Isabella Whitehouse, Pippa Briggs, Kate Joughin, Ian Krinner, Gerhard Nowicki, Sophie Payne, Tony Scambos, Ted Schlegel, Nicole A, Geruo Agosta, Cécile Ahlstrøm, Andreas Babonis, Greg Barletta, Valentina R. Bjørk, Anders A. Blazquez, Alejandro Bonin, Jennifer Colgan, William Csatho, Beata Cullather, Richard Engdahl, Marcus E. Felikson, Denis Fettweis, Xavier Forsberg, Rene Hogg, Anna E. Gallee, Hubert Gardner, Alex Gilbert, Lin Gourmelen, Noel Groh, Andreas Gunter, Brian Hanna, Edward Harig, Christopher Helm, Veit Horvath, Alexander Horwath, Martin Khan, Shfaqat Kjeldsen, Kristian K. Konrad, Hannes Langen, Peter L. Lecavalier, Benoit Loomis, Bryant Luthcke, Scott Mcmillan, Malcolm Melini, Daniele |
author_sort |
Shepherd, Andrew |
title |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_short |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_full |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_fullStr |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
title_sort |
mass balance of the greenland ice sheet from 1992 to 2018 |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-03025884 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
glacier Greenland Ice Sheet Jakobshavn |
genre_facet |
glacier Greenland Ice Sheet Jakobshavn |
op_source |
ISSN: 0028-0836 EISSN: 1476-4687 Nature https://hal.science/hal-03025884 Nature, 2020, 579 (7798), pp.233-239. ⟨10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 hal-03025884 https://hal.science/hal-03025884 doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1855-2 |
container_title |
Nature |
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579 |
container_issue |
7798 |
container_start_page |
233 |
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239 |
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1766009220710268928 |