Pole-to-pole biogeography of surface and deep marine bacterial communities

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• Main Authors: Ghiglione, J.-F., Galand, P. E., Pommier, Thomas, Pedrós-Alió, C., Maas, E. W., Bakker, K., Bertilson, S., Kirchman, D. L., Lovejoy, C., Yager, P. L., Murray, A. E.
• Other Authors: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sloan Foundation; W.M. Keck Foundation award; Institut Francais pour la Recherche et la Technologie Polaires; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science; New Zealand International Polar Year-Census of Antarctic Marine Life Project So001IPY, IPY2007-01, Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) of Canada; National Science Foundation OPP-0124733, ANT-0632389, ANT-0741409, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2012
• Subjects: Biodiversity; microbial ecology; bipolar; Next-generation sequencing; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; Antarctic; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Southern Ocean; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://hal-univ-lyon1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02531848; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1208160109

International audience The Antarctic and Arctic regions offer a unique opportunity to test factors shaping biogeography of marine microbial communities because these regions are geographically far apart, yet share similar selection pressures. Here, we report a comprehensive comparison of bacterioplankton diversity between polar oceans, using standardized methods for pyrosequencing the V6 region of the small subunit ribosomal (SSU) rRNA gene. Bacterial communities from lower latitude oceans were included, providing a global perspective. A clear difference between Southern and Arctic Ocean surface communities was evident, with 78% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) unique to the Southern Ocean and 70% unique to the Arctic Ocean. Although polar ocean bacterial communities were more similar to each other than to lower latitude pelagic communities, analyses of depths, seasons, and coastal vs. open waters, the Southern and Arctic Ocean bacterioplankton communities consistently clustered separately from each other. Coastal surface Southern and Arctic Ocean communities were more dissimilar from their respective open ocean communities. In contrast, deep ocean communities differed less between poles and lower latitude deep waters and displayed different diversity patterns compared with the surface. In addition, estimated diversity (Chao1) for surface and deep communities did not correlate significantly with latitude or temperature. Our results suggest differences in environmental conditions at the poles and different selection mechanisms controlling surface and deep ocean community structure and diversity. Surface bacterioplankton may be subjected to more short-term, variable conditions, whereas deep communities appear to be structured by longer water-mass residence time and connectivity through ocean circulation.