A Surface Ocean CO 2 Reference Network, SOCONET and Associated Marine Boundary Layer CO 2 Measurements

• Published in: Frontiers in Marine Science
• Main Authors: Wanninkhof, Rik H., Pickers, Penelope, Omar, Abdirahman M., Sutton, Adrienne J., Murata, Akihiko, Olsen, Are, Stephens, Britton B., Tilbrook, Bronte, Munro, David R., Pierrot, Denis, Rehder, Gregor, Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena, Müller, Jens D., Trinanes, Joaquin, Tedesco, Kathy, O'Brien, Kevin M., Currie, Kim, Barbero, Leticia, Telszewski, Maciej, Hoppema, Mario, Ishii, Masao, González-Dávila, Melchor, Bates, Nicholas R., Metzl, Nicolas, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Feely, Richard A., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Lauvset, Siv K., Takahashi, Taro, Steinhoff, Tobias, Schuster, Ute
• Other Authors: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Norwich (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences Norwich, University of East Anglia Norwich (UEA)-University of East Anglia Norwich (UEA), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Newport (PMEL), Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Wellington (NIWA), International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, Meteorological Research Institute Tsukuba (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2019
• Subjects: carbon dioxide; best practices; oceanography; network; fluxes; [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean; Atmosphere; [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-02343972; https://hal.science/hal-02343972/document; https://hal.science/hal-02343972/file/Wanninkhof-fmars-06-00400-2019.pdf; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00400

The Surface Ocean CO 2 NETwork (SOCONET) and atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer (MBL) CO 2 measurements from ships and buoys focus on the operational aspects of measurements of CO 2 in both the ocean surface and atmospheric MBLs. The goal is to provide accurate pCO 2 data to within 2 micro atmosphere (μatm) for surface ocean and 0.2 parts per million (ppm) for MBL measurements following rigorous best practices, calibration and intercomparison procedures. Platforms and data will be tracked in near real-time and final quality-controlled data will be provided to the community within a year. The network, involving partners worldwide, will aid in production of important products such as maps of monthly resolved surface ocean CO 2 and air-sea CO 2 flux measurements. These products and other derivatives using surface ocean and MBL CO 2 data, such as surface ocean pH maps and MBL CO 2 maps, will be of high value for policy assessments and socio-economic decisions regarding the role of the ocean in sequestering anthropogenic CO 2 and how this uptake is impacting ocean health by ocean acidification. SOCONET has an open ocean emphasis but will work with regional (coastal) networks. It will liaise with intergovernmental science organizations such as Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), and the joint committee for and ocean and marine meteorology (JCOMM). Here we describe the details of this emerging network and its proposed operations and practices.