Chlorophyll-$a$ Antarctic landfast sea ice: A first synthesis of historical ice core data

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• Main Authors: Meiners, Klaus M., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Carnat, Gauthier, Castellani, G., Delille, Bruno, Delille, Daniel, Dieckmann, Gerhard S., Flores, H., Fripiat, François, Grotti, M., Lange, B., Lannuzel, Delphine, Martin, A., Mcminn, A., Nomura, Daiki, Peeken, Ilka, Rivaro, P., Ryan, K., Stefels, Jacqueline, Swadling, K. M., Thomas, D., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Der Merwe, Pier, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Weldrick, C., Yang, J.
• Other Authors: Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Glaciologie Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Unité d'Océanographie Chimique, Interfacultary Center for Marine Research (MARE), Université de Liège-Université de Liège, Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geology and mineralogy, section of Mineralogy and Petrography, Royal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren (RMCA), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Genova University, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Hobart (IMAS), University of Tasmania Hobart, Australia (UTAS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Hakodate, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Japan, School of Biological Sciences Wellington, New Zealand, Victoria University of Wellington, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences Groningen (GELIFES), University of Groningen Groningen, School of Ocean Sciences Menai Bridge, Bangor University, Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2018
• Subjects: chlorophyll‐ a; Antarctica; ice algae; fast ice; [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]; Antarctic; Antarc*; ice core; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-02190717; https://hal.science/hal-02190717/document; https://hal.science/hal-02190717/file/JGR%20Oceans%20-%202018%20-%20Meiners%20-%20Chlorophyll%25u2010a%20in%20Antarctic%20Landfast%20Sea%20Ice%20A%20First%20Synthesis%20of%20Historical%20Ice%20Core%20Data.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014245

International audience Historical sea ice core chlorophyll-$a$(Chl$a$) data are used to describe the seasonal, regional, and vertical distribution of ice algal biomass in Antarctic land fast sea ice. The analyses are based on the AntarcticFast Ice Algae Chlorophyll-a data set, a compilation of currently available sea ice Chla data from land fast sea ice cores collected at circum-Antarctic nearshore locations between 1970 and 2015. Ice cores were typically sampled from thermodynamically grown first-year ice and have thin snow depths (mean = 0.052 ± 0.097 m). The data set comprises 888 ice cores, including 404 full vertical profile cores. Integrated ice algal Chla bio mass(range:<0.1–219.9 mg/m 2 , median = 4.4 mg/m 2 , interquartile range = 9.9 mg/m 2 ) peaks in late spring and shows elevated levels in autumn. The seasonal Chla development is consistent with the current understanding of physical drivers of ice algal biomass, including the seasonal cycle of irradiance and surface temperatures driving landfast sea ice growth and melt. Landfast ice regions with reported platelet ice formation show maximum ice algal biomass. Ice algal communities in the lowermost third of the ice cores dominate integrated Chla concentrations during most of the year, but internal and surface communities are important, particularly in winter. Through comparison of biomass estimates based on different sea ice sampling strategies, that is, analysis of full cores versus bottom-ice section sampling, we identify biases in common sampling approaches and provide recommendations for future survey programs: for example, the need to sample fast ice over its entire thickness and to measure auxiliary physicochemical parameters.