Invasion genetics of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in the British Isles inferred from microsatellite and mitochondrial markers

• Published in: Biological Invasions
• Main Authors: Lallias, Delphine, Boudry, Pierre, Batista, Frederico M., Beaumont, Andy, King, Jonathan W., Turner, John R., Lapègue, Sylvie
• Other Authors: School of Ocean Sciences Menai Bridge, Bangor University, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Estação Experimental de Moluscicultura de Tavira, Divisão de Aquicultura e Valorização, Portuguese Sea and Atmosphere Institute (IPMA), Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), European Union 2009-1/123
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2015
• Subjects: mtDNA; Pacific oyster; Crassostrea gigas; Invasion genetics; Marine mollusc; Microsatellites; ACL; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; Pacific
• Online Access: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01535289; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-0896-1

The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, native to northeast Asia, is one of the most important cultured shellfish species. In Europe, Pacific oysters first settled along the Atlantic coasts of France at the end of the 1960s but rapidly spread and are now widely established. Twenty-two sites in the United Kingdom (UK), Ireland, Denmark, France and Spain were sampled to assess genetic diversity and differentiation. Hatchery-propagated stocks from two hatcheries located in the UK also were included. Two main genetic clusters were identified from pairwise genetic differentiation indexes, Bayesian clustering methods or neighbour-joining analysis, based on 7 microsatellite loci: (1) a Northeast cluster (including feral samples from East England, Ireland and Denmark as well as UK hatchery stocks) and (2) a Southwest cluster (including samples from South Wales, South West England, France and Spain). The Southwest cluster had significantly higher allelic richness (A) and expected heterozygosity (H-e ) (A: 45.68, H-e : 0.928) than in the Northeast (A: 26.58, H-e : 0.883); the two diverging by a small but significant F-ST value (F-ST = 0.017, 95 % CI 0.014-0.021). A 739-bp fragment of the major noncoding region of the mitochondrial genome was sequenced in 248 oysters from 12 of the studied samples in Europe and in 25 oysters from Miyagi prefecture (Japan). A total of 81 haplotypes were found. Haplotype frequency analyses identified the same two clusters observed using microsatellites. This study highlights how the number and size of introduction events, aquaculture practices, genetic bottlenecks followed by genetic drift and natural dispersal can act concurrently to shape the genetic diversity and structure of introduced populations.