The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era
International audience Large explosive eruptions inject volcanic gases and fine ash to stratospheric altitudes, contributing to global cooling at the Earth’s surface and occasionally to ozone depletion. The modelling of the climate response to these strong injections of volatiles commonly relies on...
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-01481340 https://hal.science/hal-01481340/document https://hal.science/hal-01481340/file/srep34868.pdf https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 |
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ftunivnantes:oai:HAL:hal-01481340v1 2023-05-15T16:39:14+02:00 The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era Vidal, Céline M. Métrich, Nicole Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Pratomo, Indyo Kartadinata, Nugraha Michel, Agnès Robert, Vincent Lavigne, Franck Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Museum Geologi Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazards Mitigation Badan Geologi Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de la Guadeloupe Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris) Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2016 https://hal.science/hal-01481340 https://hal.science/hal-01481340/document https://hal.science/hal-01481340/file/srep34868.pdf https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 en eng HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/srep34868 hal-01481340 https://hal.science/hal-01481340 https://hal.science/hal-01481340/document https://hal.science/hal-01481340/file/srep34868.pdf doi:10.1038/srep34868 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 2045-2322 EISSN: 2045-2322 Scientific Reports https://hal.science/hal-01481340 Scientific Reports, 2016, 6, pp.34868 ⟨10.1038/srep34868⟩ Natural hazards Geochemistry Volcanology [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2016 ftunivnantes https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 2023-03-08T06:48:05Z International audience Large explosive eruptions inject volcanic gases and fine ash to stratospheric altitudes, contributing to global cooling at the Earth’s surface and occasionally to ozone depletion. The modelling of the climate response to these strong injections of volatiles commonly relies on ice-core records of volcanic sulphate aerosols. Here we use an independent geochemical approach which demonstrates that the great 1257 eruption of Samalas (Lombok, Indonesia) released enough sulphur and halogen gases into the stratosphere to produce the reported global cooling during the second half of the 13th century, as well as potential substantial ozone destruction. Major, trace and volatile element compositions of eruptive products recording the magmatic differentiation processes leading to the 1257 eruption indicate that Mt Samalas released 158 ± 12 Tg of sulphur dioxide, 227 ± 18 Tg of chlorine and a maximum of 1.3 ± 0.3 Tg of bromine. These emissions stand as the greatest volcanogenic gas injection of the Common Era. Our findings not only provide robust constraints for the modelling of the combined impact of sulphur and halogens on stratosphere chemistry of the largest eruption of the last millennium, but also develop a methodology to better quantify the degassing budgets of explosive eruptions of all magnitudes. Article in Journal/Newspaper ice core Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES Scientific Reports 6 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES |
op_collection_id |
ftunivnantes |
language |
English |
topic |
Natural hazards Geochemistry Volcanology [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology |
spellingShingle |
Natural hazards Geochemistry Volcanology [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology Vidal, Céline M. Métrich, Nicole Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Pratomo, Indyo Kartadinata, Nugraha Michel, Agnès Robert, Vincent Lavigne, Franck The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
topic_facet |
Natural hazards Geochemistry Volcanology [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology |
description |
International audience Large explosive eruptions inject volcanic gases and fine ash to stratospheric altitudes, contributing to global cooling at the Earth’s surface and occasionally to ozone depletion. The modelling of the climate response to these strong injections of volatiles commonly relies on ice-core records of volcanic sulphate aerosols. Here we use an independent geochemical approach which demonstrates that the great 1257 eruption of Samalas (Lombok, Indonesia) released enough sulphur and halogen gases into the stratosphere to produce the reported global cooling during the second half of the 13th century, as well as potential substantial ozone destruction. Major, trace and volatile element compositions of eruptive products recording the magmatic differentiation processes leading to the 1257 eruption indicate that Mt Samalas released 158 ± 12 Tg of sulphur dioxide, 227 ± 18 Tg of chlorine and a maximum of 1.3 ± 0.3 Tg of bromine. These emissions stand as the greatest volcanogenic gas injection of the Common Era. Our findings not only provide robust constraints for the modelling of the combined impact of sulphur and halogens on stratosphere chemistry of the largest eruption of the last millennium, but also develop a methodology to better quantify the degassing budgets of explosive eruptions of all magnitudes. |
author2 |
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Museum Geologi Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazards Mitigation Badan Geologi Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de la Guadeloupe Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris) Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vidal, Céline M. Métrich, Nicole Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Pratomo, Indyo Kartadinata, Nugraha Michel, Agnès Robert, Vincent Lavigne, Franck |
author_facet |
Vidal, Céline M. Métrich, Nicole Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Pratomo, Indyo Kartadinata, Nugraha Michel, Agnès Robert, Vincent Lavigne, Franck |
author_sort |
Vidal, Céline M. |
title |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_short |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_full |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_fullStr |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_full_unstemmed |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_sort |
1257 samalas eruption (lombok, indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the common era |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-01481340 https://hal.science/hal-01481340/document https://hal.science/hal-01481340/file/srep34868.pdf https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 |
genre |
ice core |
genre_facet |
ice core |
op_source |
ISSN: 2045-2322 EISSN: 2045-2322 Scientific Reports https://hal.science/hal-01481340 Scientific Reports, 2016, 6, pp.34868 ⟨10.1038/srep34868⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/srep34868 hal-01481340 https://hal.science/hal-01481340 https://hal.science/hal-01481340/document https://hal.science/hal-01481340/file/srep34868.pdf doi:10.1038/srep34868 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 |
container_title |
Scientific Reports |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766029558805430272 |