Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap
International audience Analysis of modern and historical observations demonstrates that the temperature of the intermediate-depth (150–900 m) Atlantic water (AW) of the Arctic Ocean has increased in recent decades. The AW warming has been uneven in time; a local ∼1°C maximum was observed in the mid-...
Published in: | Journal of Physical Oceanography |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2010
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-00759239 https://hal.science/hal-00759239/document https://hal.science/hal-00759239/file/%5B15200485%20-%20Journal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%5D%20Arctic%20Ocean%20Warming%20Contributes%20to%20Reduced%20Polar%20Ice%20Cap-1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4339.1 |
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ftunivnantes:oai:HAL:hal-00759239v1 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES |
op_collection_id |
ftunivnantes |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] Polyakov, Igor V. Timokhov, Leonid A. Alexeev, Vladimir A. Bacon, Sheldon Dmitrenko, Igor A. Fortier, Louis Frolov, Ivan E. Gascard, Jean-Claude Hansen, Edmond Ivanov, Vladimir V. Laxon, Seymour Mauritzen, Cecilie Perovich, Don Shimada, Koji Simmons, Harper L. Sokolov, Vladimir T. Steele, Michael Toole, John Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap |
topic_facet |
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
description |
International audience Analysis of modern and historical observations demonstrates that the temperature of the intermediate-depth (150–900 m) Atlantic water (AW) of the Arctic Ocean has increased in recent decades. The AW warming has been uneven in time; a local ∼1°C maximum was observed in the mid-1990s, followed by an intervening minimum and an additional warming that culminated in 2007 with temperatures higher than in the 1990s by 0.24°C. Relative to climatology from all data prior to 1999, the most extreme 2007 temperature anomalies of up to 1°C and higher were observed in the Eurasian and Makarov Basins. The AW warming was associated with a substantial (up to 75–90 m) shoaling of the upper AW boundary in the central Arctic Ocean and weakening of the Eurasian Basin upper-ocean stratification. Taken together, these observations suggest that the changes in the Eurasian Basin facilitated greater upward transfer of AW heat to the ocean surface layer. Available limited observations and results from a 1D ocean column model support this surmised upward spread of AW heat through the Eurasian Basin halocline. Experiments with a 3D coupled ice–ocean model in turn suggest a loss of 28–35 cm of ice thickness after ∼50 yr in response to the 0.5 W m−2 increase in AW ocean heat flux suggested by the 1D model. This amount of thinning is comparable to the 29 cm of ice thickness loss due to local atmospheric thermodynamic forcing estimated from observations of fast-ice thickness decline. The implication is that AW warming helped precondition the polar ice cap for the extreme ice loss observed in recent years. |
author2 |
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) International Arctic Research Center (IARC) University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Polyakov, Igor V. Timokhov, Leonid A. Alexeev, Vladimir A. Bacon, Sheldon Dmitrenko, Igor A. Fortier, Louis Frolov, Ivan E. Gascard, Jean-Claude Hansen, Edmond Ivanov, Vladimir V. Laxon, Seymour Mauritzen, Cecilie Perovich, Don Shimada, Koji Simmons, Harper L. Sokolov, Vladimir T. Steele, Michael Toole, John |
author_facet |
Polyakov, Igor V. Timokhov, Leonid A. Alexeev, Vladimir A. Bacon, Sheldon Dmitrenko, Igor A. Fortier, Louis Frolov, Ivan E. Gascard, Jean-Claude Hansen, Edmond Ivanov, Vladimir V. Laxon, Seymour Mauritzen, Cecilie Perovich, Don Shimada, Koji Simmons, Harper L. Sokolov, Vladimir T. Steele, Michael Toole, John |
author_sort |
Polyakov, Igor V. |
title |
Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap |
title_short |
Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap |
title_full |
Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap |
title_fullStr |
Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap |
title_sort |
arctic ocean warming contributes to reduced polar ice cap |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00759239 https://hal.science/hal-00759239/document https://hal.science/hal-00759239/file/%5B15200485%20-%20Journal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%5D%20Arctic%20Ocean%20Warming%20Contributes%20to%20Reduced%20Polar%20Ice%20Cap-1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4339.1 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Ice cap Polar Ice Cap |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Ice cap Polar Ice Cap |
op_source |
ISSN: 0022-3670 EISSN: 1520-0485 Journal of Physical Oceanography https://hal.science/hal-00759239 Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2010, 40, pp.2743-2756. ⟨10.1175/2010JPO4339.1⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1175/2010JPO4339.1 hal-00759239 https://hal.science/hal-00759239 https://hal.science/hal-00759239/document https://hal.science/hal-00759239/file/%5B15200485%20-%20Journal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%5D%20Arctic%20Ocean%20Warming%20Contributes%20to%20Reduced%20Polar%20Ice%20Cap-1.pdf BIBCODE: 2010JPO.40.2743P doi:10.1175/2010JPO4339.1 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4339.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Physical Oceanography |
container_volume |
40 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
2743 |
op_container_end_page |
2756 |
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1766327628854198272 |
spelling |
ftunivnantes:oai:HAL:hal-00759239v1 2023-05-15T14:55:36+02:00 Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap Polyakov, Igor V. Timokhov, Leonid A. Alexeev, Vladimir A. Bacon, Sheldon Dmitrenko, Igor A. Fortier, Louis Frolov, Ivan E. Gascard, Jean-Claude Hansen, Edmond Ivanov, Vladimir V. Laxon, Seymour Mauritzen, Cecilie Perovich, Don Shimada, Koji Simmons, Harper L. Sokolov, Vladimir T. Steele, Michael Toole, John Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) International Arctic Research Center (IARC) University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) 2010-12 https://hal.science/hal-00759239 https://hal.science/hal-00759239/document https://hal.science/hal-00759239/file/%5B15200485%20-%20Journal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%5D%20Arctic%20Ocean%20Warming%20Contributes%20to%20Reduced%20Polar%20Ice%20Cap-1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4339.1 en eng HAL CCSD American Meteorological Society info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1175/2010JPO4339.1 hal-00759239 https://hal.science/hal-00759239 https://hal.science/hal-00759239/document https://hal.science/hal-00759239/file/%5B15200485%20-%20Journal%20of%20Physical%20Oceanography%5D%20Arctic%20Ocean%20Warming%20Contributes%20to%20Reduced%20Polar%20Ice%20Cap-1.pdf BIBCODE: 2010JPO.40.2743P doi:10.1175/2010JPO4339.1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0022-3670 EISSN: 1520-0485 Journal of Physical Oceanography https://hal.science/hal-00759239 Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2010, 40, pp.2743-2756. ⟨10.1175/2010JPO4339.1⟩ [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2010 ftunivnantes https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4339.1 2023-02-08T03:49:58Z International audience Analysis of modern and historical observations demonstrates that the temperature of the intermediate-depth (150–900 m) Atlantic water (AW) of the Arctic Ocean has increased in recent decades. The AW warming has been uneven in time; a local ∼1°C maximum was observed in the mid-1990s, followed by an intervening minimum and an additional warming that culminated in 2007 with temperatures higher than in the 1990s by 0.24°C. Relative to climatology from all data prior to 1999, the most extreme 2007 temperature anomalies of up to 1°C and higher were observed in the Eurasian and Makarov Basins. The AW warming was associated with a substantial (up to 75–90 m) shoaling of the upper AW boundary in the central Arctic Ocean and weakening of the Eurasian Basin upper-ocean stratification. Taken together, these observations suggest that the changes in the Eurasian Basin facilitated greater upward transfer of AW heat to the ocean surface layer. Available limited observations and results from a 1D ocean column model support this surmised upward spread of AW heat through the Eurasian Basin halocline. Experiments with a 3D coupled ice–ocean model in turn suggest a loss of 28–35 cm of ice thickness after ∼50 yr in response to the 0.5 W m−2 increase in AW ocean heat flux suggested by the 1D model. This amount of thinning is comparable to the 29 cm of ice thickness loss due to local atmospheric thermodynamic forcing estimated from observations of fast-ice thickness decline. The implication is that AW warming helped precondition the polar ice cap for the extreme ice loss observed in recent years. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Ice cap Polar Ice Cap Université de Nantes: HAL-UNIV-NANTES Arctic Arctic Ocean Journal of Physical Oceanography 40 12 2743 2756 |