Lead exposure in large carnivores in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem
Exposure to heavy metals is a potential challenge to the conservation of wildlife. One source of heavy metal exposure known to negatively affect avian wildlife is ingestion of lead rifle bullet fragments found in discarded hunter-harvested ungulate gut piles. Some large mammalian carnivores, such as...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Thesis |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
University of Montana
2010
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/615 https://scholarworks.umt.edu/context/etd/article/1634/viewcontent/Rogers_Tom_Thesis_final.pdf |
id |
ftunivmontana:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1634 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivmontana:oai:scholarworks.umt.edu:etd-1634 2023-07-16T03:57:56+02:00 Lead exposure in large carnivores in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem Rogers, Thomas Alan 2010-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/615 https://scholarworks.umt.edu/context/etd/article/1634/viewcontent/Rogers_Tom_Thesis_final.pdf unknown University of Montana https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/615 https://scholarworks.umt.edu/context/etd/article/1634/viewcontent/Rogers_Tom_Thesis_final.pdf ©2010 Thomas Alan Rogers Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers ammunition black bear carnivore cougars grizzly bear lead scat wolf Yellowstone thesis 2010 ftunivmontana 2023-06-27T22:39:01Z Exposure to heavy metals is a potential challenge to the conservation of wildlife. One source of heavy metal exposure known to negatively affect avian wildlife is ingestion of lead rifle bullet fragments found in discarded hunter-harvested ungulate gut piles. Some large mammalian carnivores, such as grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), are also known to target these gut piles as a food source while others, such as cougars (Puma concolor), avoid areas with high levels of human hunting pressure. I investigated whether large carnivores in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem were exposed to lead, and if so, if ammunition ingested from hunter-harvested gut piles was an apparent source of exposure. I tested samples of blood, tissue, and scat for the presence of lead in black bears (Ursus americanus), wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), grizzly bears and cougars. Grizzly bears show higher blood lead levels (n = 82, median=4.4 μg/dL, range 1.1-18.6 μg/dL) than black bears (n = 44, median=1.6, range 0.5-6.9 μg/dL), but blood lead levels did not increase during the autumn hunting season when potentially lead-tainted gut piles are available. Wolves (n = 21) and cougars (n = 8) had lead concentrations near or below the minimum level of detection in both blood and tissue samples. No lead fragments were detected in the scat of grizzly bears, black bears, wolves, and coyotes in samples collected during the summer (n = 209) and fall (n = 214) in 2009. Therefore, unlike avian scavengers, mammalian scavengers do not appear to be ingesting lead ammunition fragments. Grizzly bears do, however, exhibit blood lead levels higher than what is considered safe in humans, but the source of this exposure remains unknown. Thesis Canis lupus Ursus arctos University of Montana: ScholarWorks |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Montana: ScholarWorks |
op_collection_id |
ftunivmontana |
language |
unknown |
topic |
ammunition black bear carnivore cougars grizzly bear lead scat wolf Yellowstone |
spellingShingle |
ammunition black bear carnivore cougars grizzly bear lead scat wolf Yellowstone Rogers, Thomas Alan Lead exposure in large carnivores in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem |
topic_facet |
ammunition black bear carnivore cougars grizzly bear lead scat wolf Yellowstone |
description |
Exposure to heavy metals is a potential challenge to the conservation of wildlife. One source of heavy metal exposure known to negatively affect avian wildlife is ingestion of lead rifle bullet fragments found in discarded hunter-harvested ungulate gut piles. Some large mammalian carnivores, such as grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), are also known to target these gut piles as a food source while others, such as cougars (Puma concolor), avoid areas with high levels of human hunting pressure. I investigated whether large carnivores in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem were exposed to lead, and if so, if ammunition ingested from hunter-harvested gut piles was an apparent source of exposure. I tested samples of blood, tissue, and scat for the presence of lead in black bears (Ursus americanus), wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), grizzly bears and cougars. Grizzly bears show higher blood lead levels (n = 82, median=4.4 μg/dL, range 1.1-18.6 μg/dL) than black bears (n = 44, median=1.6, range 0.5-6.9 μg/dL), but blood lead levels did not increase during the autumn hunting season when potentially lead-tainted gut piles are available. Wolves (n = 21) and cougars (n = 8) had lead concentrations near or below the minimum level of detection in both blood and tissue samples. No lead fragments were detected in the scat of grizzly bears, black bears, wolves, and coyotes in samples collected during the summer (n = 209) and fall (n = 214) in 2009. Therefore, unlike avian scavengers, mammalian scavengers do not appear to be ingesting lead ammunition fragments. Grizzly bears do, however, exhibit blood lead levels higher than what is considered safe in humans, but the source of this exposure remains unknown. |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Rogers, Thomas Alan |
author_facet |
Rogers, Thomas Alan |
author_sort |
Rogers, Thomas Alan |
title |
Lead exposure in large carnivores in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem |
title_short |
Lead exposure in large carnivores in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem |
title_full |
Lead exposure in large carnivores in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem |
title_fullStr |
Lead exposure in large carnivores in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lead exposure in large carnivores in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem |
title_sort |
lead exposure in large carnivores in the greater yellowstone ecosystem |
publisher |
University of Montana |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/615 https://scholarworks.umt.edu/context/etd/article/1634/viewcontent/Rogers_Tom_Thesis_final.pdf |
genre |
Canis lupus Ursus arctos |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus Ursus arctos |
op_source |
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers |
op_relation |
https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/615 https://scholarworks.umt.edu/context/etd/article/1634/viewcontent/Rogers_Tom_Thesis_final.pdf |
op_rights |
©2010 Thomas Alan Rogers |
_version_ |
1771544835629514752 |